Development of a Laboratory-Scale Thermal-Arc-Plasma Reactor and its Application in the Pyrolysis of Petroleum Oily Sludge

Raja R.K Ibrahim,Bala I Abdulkarim,Abubakar M Ali,Mohd A Abu-Hassan

doi:10.34256/famr2012

Abstract

Waste treatment using thermal arc plasma is well established and laboratory/pilot scale plasma reactors were developed and their performances for the destruction of different hazardous wastes, other than petroleum oily sludge, were studied. This work aims to extend the plasma technology to the pyrolysis of hazardous petroleum oily sludge. A 4.7 kW thermal arc plasma reactor was developed using a standard TIG arc welding torch. The transferred arc plasma reactor was used to treat 20 g/batch of petroleum oily sludge. The prevailing temperature inside the reactor ranges between 356 – 1694 oC. The plasma arc temperature increased with increasing plasma arc current and also with increasing plasma gas flow-rate. A vitreous slag and a flue gas were generated as products. A mass reduction of between 36.87 – 91.40% and a TOC reduction of 21.47 – 93.76% were achieved in the treatment time of 2 – 5 min. The mass reduction was observed to increase with treatment time. However, the increase was more rapid between the 3rd and the 4th min of the treatment. The flue gas produced contains H2 (43.79 – 50.97 mol%), H2O (26.60 – 30.22 mol%), CO (8.45 – 11.18 mol%), CO2 (5.12 – 10.35 mol%), CH4 (2.17 – 3.38 mol%), C2H2 (0.86 – 2.69 mol%) and C2H4 (0.76 – 2.17 mol%). Thus, the thermal plasma reactor provides a suitable method of treating petroleum oily sludge.

Highlights

Thermal arc plasma technology has become a prominent waste treatment technique for a wide variety of waste because of the shortcomings of traditional waste disposal methods (A.M. Ali, Abu Hassan, & Abdulkarim, 2016)
The arc plasma treatment technology has been identified as a potentially effective tool for producing less harmful by-products which can be used in building and road construction (Kourti et al, 2011; Tu et al, 2008)
The supplied current was increased gradually using a control nob while the plasma arc temperature was measured at intervals using an infrared thermometer

Summary

Introduction

Thermal arc plasma technology has become a prominent waste treatment technique for a wide variety of waste because of the shortcomings of traditional waste disposal methods (A.M. Ali, Abu Hassan, & Abdulkarim, 2016). Thermal arc plasma technology has become a prominent waste treatment technique for a wide variety of waste because of the shortcomings of traditional waste disposal methods The arc plasma treatment technology has been identified as a potentially effective tool for producing less harmful by-products which can be used in building and road construction (Kourti et al, 2011; Tu et al, 2008). Thermal arc plasma provides a suitable treatment technique for special waste disposal requirements. Advantages of thermal arc plasma treatment technique over conventional incineration include high-temperature regime, high waste volume reduction, low gas throughput, process flexibility in either oxidizing or a reducing environment, and can effectively treat a wide variety of waste types

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