Abstract
The motivation to write a paper on the general nature of science comes from the scientific nature of Quran, which has been a guidance and help in revealing that science is an ontological and teleological construct which the Quran supports. A much-needed discussion of science had to be done because the trend among the people today suggest anything remotely sounding science has become a substituting value for religion and God. People have started believing rather blindly, in science without really understanding what it is, how it works and its limitations. What is science and what is the purpose of science? This paper explains the answers of the question and help reader understand the difference between science and pseudoscience which often people mistake as one. It explains the difference from example of macroevolution, single common ancestor and natural selection. The discussion also elaborates on the essential foundations of science that makes science, science. At the end, the paper elaborates why science cannot be used to ascertain moral truths. The discussion has been analytical in nature rooted in classic literature of philosophy of science and sociology. The readers will come to appreciate the fine principles of science and it’s limitations in revealing scientific truths.
Highlights
The expository principles of science are rooted in Quran [1]: a) God has laid down rules whether in the form of law or processes in the spatio-temporal material realm as in Quran 41:12 b) These rules generally do not change as in Quran 17:77 c) All of spatio-temporal material existence follow mathematical rules and models as in Quran 54:49 d) Indications and hints from frame of reference of entity and phenomenon as in Quran 3:190
One needs to understand that all semantics, norms and science are reducible to physicalism that is to the five senses [5], but this does not mean that reality is only limited to the five senses, for example realization and feelings do not have reducibility to only the five senses
Science can be defined from two perspectives: perspective of "identity and service" and perspective of "doing science"
Summary
The expository principles of science are rooted in Quran [1]: a) God has laid down rules whether in the form of law or processes in the spatio-temporal material realm as in Quran 41:12 b) These rules generally do not change as in Quran 17:77 c) All of spatio-temporal material existence follow mathematical rules and models as in Quran 54:49 d) Indications and hints from frame of reference of entity and phenomenon as in Quran 3:190. The discussion starts by defining science and explaining its constituent parts and elaborating the foundation of science called the scientific method. How science starts and evolve and what is the final destination of science are discussed. How science is distinct from pseudoscience [2] is discussed, but people may fall in the trap of making pseudoscience science, the discussion establishes how the two can be distinguished. At the end how science cannot ascertain moral truths is discussed [3]
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