Abstract
Normally, most of the accidents that occur in underground facilities are not instantaneous; rather, hazards build up gradually behind the scenes and are invisible due to the inherent structure of these facilities. An efficient inference system is highly desirable to monitor these facilities to avoid such accidents beforehand. A fuzzy inference system is a significant risk assessment method, but there are three critical challenges associated with fuzzy inference-based systems, i.e., rules determination, membership functions (MFs) distribution determination, and rules reduction to deal with the problem of dimensionality. In this paper, a simplified hierarchical fuzzy logic (SHFL) model has been suggested to assess underground risk while addressing the associated challenges. For rule determination, two new rule-designing and determination methods are introduced, namely average rules-based (ARB) and max rules-based (MRB). To determine efficient membership functions (MFs), a module named the heuristic-based membership functions allocation (HBMFA) module has been added to the conventional Mamdani fuzzy logic method. For rule reduction, a hierarchical fuzzy logic model with a distinct configuration has been proposed. In the simplified hierarchical fuzzy logic (SHFL) model, we have also tried to minimize rules as well as the number of levels of the hierarchical structure fuzzy logic model. After risk index assessment, the risk index prediction is carried out using a Kalman filter. The prediction of the risk index is significant because it could help caretakers to take preventive measures in time and prevent underground accidents. The results indicate that the suggested technique is an excellent choice for risk index assessment and prediction.
Highlights
Worldwide, rapid urbanization is taking place in many countries
In the hierarchical fuzzy logic module, we have introduced a simplified hierarchical fuzzy logic (SHFL) model with a distinct configuration
The purpose of this study was to design a system for underground risk assessment and prediction
Summary
Rapid urbanization is taking place in many countries. Better health facilities, along with more job opportunities, education facilities, businesses, and other facilities attract people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. Enormous growth in underground facilities is expected in the future due to such relocation of the masses [1] These facilities consist of underground metro buses, railway lines, parking lots, markets, power supply, water supply, sewerage lines, etc. Any failure to these facilities can cause personal injury, death, mission degradation, property destruction [2], etc. The theory of risk was initially presented in the field of economics at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays it is generally used in almost all fields, i.e., environmental science, natural disaster planning, and architectural engineering [3,4]. The risk assessment is the deployment of quantitative or qualitative actions to determine the risk correlated with a specific threat [2]
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