Abstract
The ultrasonic instruments employ the technique of pulse echo measurement and operate in a similar manner as sonar. A pulse of energy is transmitted from the probe and travels through the media to the far side where it is reflected back. The time between the transmit pulse and first echo is measured. During this travel time, due to the physical properties of media, amplitude of the echo is reduced and errors are introduced in the thickness measurements. The ultrasonic pulse also produces the thermal effect and changes the velocity of the waves. Various techniques are given to overcome these problems in case of thickness measurement using ultrasonic instruments.
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