Ultra-fast mass spectrometry for plant biochemistry: proteomics response of winter wheat to iron pre-sowing treatment

Abstract

In recent years, ultrafast chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of proteomes has been actively developed for biochemical studies. These methods are intended for fast/rapid monitoring of cell response to a biotic stimulus, correlation of molecular changes with biological processes and phenotype changes. To increase agricultural production, new biotechnologies are being introduced, including the use of nanomaterials. At the same time, thorough testing of new fertilizers and investigation of mechanisms of biotic effects on the germination, growth, and development of plants are required. The aim of this work was to adapt the method of ultrafast chromatography and mass spectrometry for rapid quantitative profiling of molecular changes in 7-day-old wheat seedlings that occur in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with iron compounds. The experimental method is capable of analyzing up to 200 samples per day; its practical value lies in carrying out the proteomic express diagnostics of the biotic action of new treatments, including those for agricultural needs. The regulation of photosynthesis, biosynthesis of chlorophyll, porphyrin- and tetrapyrrole-containing compounds, glycolysis in shoot tissues, and polysaccharide metabolism in root tissues were shown after seed treatments with suspensions containing a polymeric film former (PEG-400, Na-CMC, Na2-EDTA), iron (II, III) nanoparticles or iron (II) sulfate. Observations at the protein level were consistent with the results of morphometry, measurements of superoxide dismutase activity and microelement analysis of 3-day-old germinated seeds and shoots and roots of 7-day-old seedlings. A characteristic molecular signature has been proposed to determine the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolytic process at the protein level. Such a signature is considered as a potential marker of the biotic effect of seed treatment with iron compounds and will be confirmed by further studies.