Two-year survival: Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer stages Ib and II with bulky tumor

Abstract

The effect of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on the 2-year survival rate of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (stages Ib and II with bulky tumor) was evaluated. The 54 patients first received initial chemotherapy of vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-platinum in a combined regimen (VBP) and then radical hysterectomy. The overall histologic response rate to chemotherapy of the primary tumor confirmed in the surgical specimen was 81% including microscopic or no evidence of disease (41%, Grade III or IV). A lower than expected incidence of lymph node metastasis (20%) was found. All nodal metastasis was noted in patients with Grades I or II ( P = 0.0034). Median follow-up was 36 months (range 26–60 months). Three recurrences (6%) appeared and those patients died of the disease within 24 months. Thus the 2-year tumor-free survival rate was 94%. The patients who had positive nodes more often experienced recurrence (27 vs 0%) and a lower 2-year survival rate (72 vs 100%) ( P = 0.0067). All of these recurrences were found in patients with three or more positive nodes. This preliminary study suggests that preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (VBP) is effective (1) in reducing tumor volume or the stage of the disease, (2) in curing the lymph node involvement, and (3) in improving the 2-year tumor-free survival rate. A prospective randomized study comparing radical surgery alone with preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is in progress.