Tumores neuroendocrinos pulmonares, cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas y tumores metastásicos en el pulmón

Abstract

Lung neuroendocrine tumors encompass an extensive spectrum of lung tumors. They range from neoplasms with lower metastatic potential to others with a high degree of malignancy that represent approximately 19% of all primary malignant bronchopulmonary tumors. The most frequent is small-cell lung carcinoma (79%) followed by large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (16%) while typical and atypical carcinoids represent the approximately 5% of remaining tumors. In limited stages, the treatment of choice is a combination of cisplatin and etoposide along with concurrent radiotherapy. In advanced disease, the treatment approach is systemic and based mainly on chemotherapy (CT). However, at present, immunotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of microcytic lung carcinoma and was included as first-line therapy together with CT. The lungs are the second most common location of metastatic disease, encompassing all histological types (almost 30% of cases) and are the only site of metastasis in 20% of cases.