Abstract

Connection matrices for graph parameters with values in a field have been introduced by M. Freedman, L. Lovász and A. Schrijver (2007). Graph parameters with connection matrices of finite rank can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded tree-width. We introduce join matrices, a generalization of connection matrices, and allow graph parameters to take values in the tropical rings (max-plus algebras) over the real numbers. We show that rank-finiteness of join matrices implies that these graph parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded clique-width. In the case of graph parameters with values in arbitrary commutative semirings, this remains true for graph classes of bounded linear clique-width. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) showed that definability of a graph parameter in Monadic Second Order Logic implies rank finiteness. We also show that there are uncountably many integer valued graph parameters with connection matrices or join matricesof fixed finite rank. This shows that rank finiteness is a much weaker assumption than any definability assumption. Les matrices de connexion pour des fonctions sur les graphes à valeurs dans un corps ont été introduites par M. Freedman, L. Lovász and A. Schrijver (2007). Une fonctions sur les graphes ayant des matrices de connexion de rang fini peut être calculée en temps polynomial sur toute famille de graphes de largeur arborescente (”tree-width”) bornée. Nous introduisons des matrices de jointure (”join matrices”) qui généralisent les matrices deconnexion, et nous permettons aux fonctions sur les graphes de prendre leurs valeurs dans des semianneaux tropicaux réels. Nous montrons qu’une fonction sur les graphes ayant des matrices de jointure de rang fini peut être calculée en temps polynomial sur des graphes de largeur de clique (”clique-width”) bornée. Dans le cas des semi-anneaux commutatifs, cela reste vrai pour les graphes de largeur de clique linéaire bornée. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) ont montré que certaines hypothèses de definissabilité en Logique du Second Ordre Monadique concernant desopérations sur les graphes entraine la finitude des rangs. Nous exhibons un ensemble non dénombrable d’opérations ayant une matrice de connexion et des matrices de jointure de rang fini. Cela démontre que l’hypothèse de rang fini est beaucoup plus faible que l’hypothèse de definissabilité.

Highlights

  • Introduction and SummaryConnection matrices of graph parameters with values in a field K have been introduced by M

  • Lovasz, (L.Lovasz, 2012, Theorem 6.48), they can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded tree-width

  • (Theorem 6.2) We show that row-rank finiteness of join matrices implies that tropical graph parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded clique-width

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Summary

Introduction and Summary

Connection matrices of graph parameters with values in a field K have been introduced by M. (Theorem 6.2) We show that row-rank finiteness of join matrices implies that tropical graph parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded clique-width. (Theorem 6.3) A similar result holds in arbitrary commutative semirings when we replace row-rank finiteness with J-finiteness and bounded clique-width with bounded linear clique-width. (Theorems 4.4,4.6) We show that there are uncountably many integer valued graph parameters with connection matrices or join matrices of fixed finite rank. This shows that (row)-rank finiteness is a much weaker assumption than any definability assumption.

Prerequisites
Gluing and joining
Inductive definition of tree-width and clique-width
Graph parameters with values in a semiring and their Hankel matrices
Notions of rank for matrices over semirings
Graph parameters definable in Monadic Second Order Logic
Quantum graphs
Equivalence relations over Qk
Finiteness condition on Hankel matrices
Graphs of clique-width at most k
Representing G in the graph algebra
Commutative semirings
Conclusions
Full Text
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