Abstract
Plant tissue culture has developed widely incorporated into biotechnology, the agricultural systems being a key factor to support many pharmaceutical and industrial outcomes. Since 1902 there is vast progress in plant culture and its application has emerged having great diversity in the science filed. Due to development and desire to grow on high scale production in the past few decades, tissue culture techniques were manipulated for improvement of plant growth, biological activities, transformation, and secondary metabolites production. A significant advance in techniques has been sought to deal with problems of low concentrations of secondary metabolites in whole plants. The augmented use of plant culture is due to a superior perceptive of plant oriented compounds and secondary metabolites from economically important plants. Due to development in modern techniques, several particular protocols have been developed for the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites of plants on a commercial scale. Plant tissue culture has to lead to significant contributions in recent times and today they constitute an indispensable tool in the advancement of agricultural sciences and modern agriculture. This review would enable us to have an analysis of plant tissue culture development for agriculture, human health and wellbeing in general.
Highlights
Plant tissue culture is a method to culture the cells, tissue organs and other components of the plant following the aseptic in-vitro culture under a well-defined environment
The forest harbour a large number of plant species, but deforestation has been responsible for the rapid loss of medicinal plant wealth, such that many valuable medicinal plants are under the threat of extinction
Plant tissue culture is an alternative method of commercial propagation[3] and is being used widely for the commercial propagation of a large number of plant species, including many medicinal plants
Summary
Plant tissue culture is a method to culture the cells, tissue organs and other components of the plant following the aseptic in-vitro culture under a well-defined environment. Application of traditional medicinal plants for human use has been reported.[4] Major ornamental pot plants such as Begonia, Ficus, Anthurium, Chrysanthemum, Rosa, Saintpaulia, and Spathiphyllum are being produced in the developed countries. Callus has a variable appearance in texture, and shape.[20] Explants follow through the mechanisms which trigger its growth from a cell or a tissue section and the rate of growth depends on various factors varies according to the age, species, type and of the tissue, the composition of the culture media and the environmental conditions manages its growth empirically.[21, 22] Once the explants grow the required part of it is cut off and placed into an entirely fresh new media which will allow growth with altered morphology. Important steps before starting tissue Culture Process This section of the review will focus on the desirable steps required before starting plant tissue culture: The first and basic steps of the culture are the requirement of nutritive media which can be liquid and solid based on the outcome uses
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