Abstract
The article substantiates the need to identify trends in the development of processes demographic in individual countries and regions. The analysis of the determination of demographic processes is a necessary condition for the development of an effective demographic policy. The authors studied the dynamics of the population of the planet as whole, Europe, and Russia over the past 50 years. The assessment of the degree of influence of the measures taken in certain countries of the world on the demographic situation is given. The article deals with both methodological issues of studying the determination of demographic processes, and the results of research based on statistical information. Much attention is paid to the issues of determining the birth rate and mortality. An assessment of the impact of material payments on the birth rate is given. At the same time, the issues of determining migration processes and population aging are not left without attention. To analyze the causes of population migration in the region, the experimental planning method was used. The use of this method allowed us to identify the factors that affect migration processes and to assess the degree of influence of each of them on the level of the migration efficiency coefficient. The study showed the possibility of using the planning method in the study of socio-economic processes. The authors consider three variants of the population forecast of the Russian Federation until 2035, proposed by Rosstat, and assessed possible options for their implementation.
Highlights
В статье обоснована необходимость выявления тенденций в динамике развития демографических процессов в отдельных странах и регионах
The analysis of the determination of demographic processes is a necessary condition for the development of an effective demographic policy
The authors studied the dynamics of the population of the planet as whole, Europe, and Russia over the past 50 years
Summary
В статье обоснована необходимость выявления тенденций в динамике развития демографических процессов в отдельных странах и регионах. Анализ детерминации демографических процессов является необходимым условием разработки эффективной демографической политики. Авторами изучена динамика численности населения планеты в целом, а также Европы, России за последние 50 лет. Дана оценка степени влияния мер, принимаемых в отдельных странах мира, на демографическую ситуацию. В статье рассматриваются как методологические вопросы изучения детерминации демографических процессов, так и результаты исследований, основанных на статистической информации. Большое внимание в статье уделяется вопросам детерминации рождаемости и смертности. В то же время не оставлены без внимания вопросы детерминации миграционных процессов и старения населения. Для анализа причин миграции населения в регионе был применен метод планирования эксперимента. Авторами рассмотрены предложенные Росстатом три варианта прогноза численности населения РФ до 2035 г. Прирост (убыль) населения, суммарный коэффициент рождаемости, миграция, варианты прогнозов
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