Abstract
It is established that the interprovincial transportation in bus terminals of the Cities such as Ambato, Riobamba, Salcedo, Latacunga and Guaranda have contributed to the build-up of external costs of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) The climate change costs are calculated by multiplying the carbon emissions by the cost factor. To quantify the GHG emissions, this study has taken into account of both the direct and indirect sources of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG), as well as the ISO 14064.1: 2006 standard. In view thereof, it was found that the 11 bus terminals of the five cities, namely Latacunga, Riobamba Salcedo, Ambato, Guaranda-which accounts for around 3225 buses, had accounted for the emissions of 25,746.8 tCO2eq, 37,404.6 tCO2eq, 8,762.7 tCO2eq, 92,364.9 tCO2eq, 31,990.3 tCO2eq, respectively. Simply, the average load of such pollution produced per vehicle was 60.8 tCO2eq. and the total emissions were 196,269.3 tCO2eq with an estimated GHG contamination cost of €27,477,702 per year.
Highlights
Externalities are created when the final product production, the expected good or service and the associated pollutant emissions, produces a negative effect on another agent without receiving any compensation [1]
This is forcing countries to take measures by prioritizing social sectors so that problems can be mitigated ; issues such premature deaths of more than two million people per year [3] and the costs generated by non-pollution efforts
As the Ecuadorian highlands bus stations agglomerate a significant number of buses, people and resource consumption resulting in the generation of Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG) its pollution costs will, be analysed
Summary
Externalities are created when the final product production, the expected good or service and the associated pollutant emissions, produces a negative effect on another agent without receiving any compensation [1]. In Latin America, direct climate change transformations have been observed whereby, the temperature is increasing at the rate of average of 0,1°C every ten years because of the Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) [2] This is forcing countries to take measures by prioritizing social sectors so that problems can be mitigated ; issues such premature deaths of more than two million people per year [3] and the costs generated by non-pollution efforts. The interprovincial bus stations infrastructures have met the requirements to satisfy the needs of the embarkation and disembarkation passengers [7] These activities have accumulated GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources polluting the environment as a result. As the Ecuadorian highlands bus stations agglomerate a significant number of buses, people and resource consumption resulting in the generation of GHG its pollution costs will, be analysed
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