Transport coefficient to trace anomaly in the clustering of color sources approach

Abstract

From our previously obtained shear viscosity to entropy density ratio ($\eta/s$) in the framework of clustering of color sources (Color String Percolation Model: CSPM), we calculate the jet quenching parameter $\hat {q}$ and trace anomaly $\Delta = (\varepsilon -3\it p)/T^{4}$ as a function of temperature. It is shown that the scaled $\hat {q}/T^{3}$ is in agreement with the recent JET Collaboration estimates. The inverse of $\eta/s$ is found to represent $\Delta$. The results for $\Delta$ are in excellent agreement with Lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics (LQCD) simulations. From the trace anomaly and energy density $\epsilon$, the equation of state is obtained as a function of temperature and compared with LQCD simulations. It is possible that there is a direct connection between the $\eta/s$ and $\Delta$. Thus the estimate of transport coefficient $\eta/s$ provides $\hat {q}$ and $\Delta$ as a function of temperature. Both $\Delta$ and $\eta/s$ describe the transition from a strongly coupled QGP to a weakly coupled QGP.