Transformacja morfologiczna wsi włączonych do miasta po II wojnie światowej na przykładzie Łodzi

Abstract

The subject of the research concerns the problem of morphological transformations after World War II in former villages incorporated into the city based on the example of Łodź. The study was based on preserved historical maps and contemporary plans. The article uses the method of morphological analysis of the city plan based on the Conzenian tradition of urban morphology. Analysis of morphological changes of selected villages was also conducted by using graph methods. It was noticed that the graph development index should depend on a relative number of edges in relation to the number of nodes and the number of graph cycles, which expresses the degree of complexity of a settlement unit. The study applies the typology of rural settlement patterns, taking into account the issue of morphological changes and relics of morphological features from the period before the incorporation into the city. Three main groups of former villages, characterised by different scales of morphological changes were distinguished as a result of the study. It was possible to distinguish the orthomorphic transformations, where all spatial modifications were mainly addititive and the initial layouts have been preserved almost completely; hypometamorphic (semi-metamorphic) transformations, characterised by significant, but not total reorganization, so clear relics of the historical rural settlement pattern have been preserved, and metamorphic changes, where the initial layouts have been totally transformed. The development process of built-up areas in former villages incorporated into the city results directly from many conditions. The distance of the settlement unit from the city center and the moment of incorporation are not the only factors determining the scale of transformation. Depending on a given period, political and planning decisions, transport accessibility, interest of development companies, landscape attractiveness and location of production and service facilities are important.