The role of Metropolis of Tehran the physical developments Habitats Periphery Villages frown Abad of Pakdasht

Abstract

Nowadays, metropolises have exerted deep effects on their peripheral villages in different environmental, social, economic and physical dimensions. Metropolitan peripheral villages are the foci of attracting migrants due to low housing price and rents. In this case, job structure has affected population composition and kind of villages' economic activity. These transformations result from preparation and implementation of developmental plans and projects by the government. The reason is that such actions have prepared needed infrastructures for attracting population and daily trips and transitions to the metropolis from surrounding rural arenas. Settlements of central district of Rey county have transformed because of Tehran metropolis and shah – e Rey spatial expansion in physical, economic and social fields and have lost their classic and local identity. Therefore, the villages function has changed from agricultural and animal – raising to dormitory – servicing one. The villages of under – standing territory are located in Tehran city conservative buffer in municipal zones of 15 and 20. Because of recent socio-economic transformations and governmental multi - regulation in this living limit, a non – orderly and irregular body and space has emerged in above – mentioned zones which nor has helped to maintaining rural identity no represent an optimum landscape. Also physical expansion trend of Shah – e Rey has caused some under – standing villages to attach to Shah – e Rey body. This expansion has transformed rural settlements order. Research aim: The present research aim is identifying effective reasons of physical transformation in under – standing limit's villages and measuring the rate and mode of rural settlement affectability from peripheral cities, especially Tehran and Rey, and also surveying of rural settlements in central district of Rey since Islamic Revolution onwards, Basic questions: 1) what is the major factor of physical transformations of Central district of Ray villages and what outcomes it has exerted? 2) Do physical transformation of central district of Rey villages have ended in settlement order? Research method: In this research, the statistical society includes 20 villages in Ray's central district. The sampling is den by using Cochran method from rural households. Accordingly, for determining sample household from whole statistical society (6039 households in 2006). 306 households have surveyed and analyzed as society's sample. Analyzing data is accomplished by using SPSS software in terms of parametric statistical test, one – way variance analysis, Chi – square (x2) non – parametric statistical tests and Cramer's agreed multiplier. The research results show that exogenous factors, especially Tehran metropolis role have caused metropolis' peripheral village’s encounter with one – sided and exploitation relations. In this relation, the migration process of low – income groups, intensification of house – building trend, increasing workshops inside and outside the villages and centralist laws have had bad and improper effects on rural settlements order. Therefore, peripheral villages of Tehran metropolis have changed to the place of attracting trash, urban wastes, and low – income migrants, particularly Afghanis migrants: Whereas related bodies and organizations like county – seat and municipality have less attention to these rural arenas. Following these factors, former rural – urban nexuses have attached in Rey central district villages, and settlement order has disordered. The objective sign of this settlement turbulence in completely apparent on body and space of peripheral rural settlements. Thus, Tehran metropolis by exerting some effects on rural settlements has formed them to city patterns, and so developmental plans and projects and regulations have affected street patterns and have organized them. Area system has detached by migrating various tribes and farming lands have changed and developed to building houses, workshops and factories. In general, by doing structural transformations, the villages functions and roles have changed to dormitory- servicing.