Abstract
Immune defense systems are indispensable for living organisms. Within an immune network, problems with any given link can impact the normal life activities of an organism.Amphioctopus fangsiaois a cephalopod that exists widely throughout the world’s oceans. Because of its nervous system and locomotive organs, it has become increasingly studied in recent years.Vibrio anguillarumis one of the most common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture organisms. It is highly infectious and can infect almost all aquaculture organisms.V. anguillaruminfection can cause many adverse biological phenomena, including tissue bleeding. Study the immune response afterV. anguillaruminfection would help us to understand the molecular mechanisms of immune response in aquaculture organisms. In this research, we infected the primary incubationA. fangsiaowithV. anguillarumfor 24 h. We analyzed gene expression inA. fangsiaolarvae via transcriptome profiles at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h after hatching, and 1,385, 734, and 6,109 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at these three time points. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to identify immune-related DEGs. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed to examine interactions between immune-related genes. Twenty hub genes involved in multiple KEGG signaling pathways or with multiple protein–protein interaction relationships were identified, and their differential expression verified by quantitative RT-PCR. We first studiedV. anguillaruminfection ofA. fangsiaolarvae by means of protein–protein interaction networks. The results provide valuable genetic resources for understanding immunity in molluscan larvae. These data serve as a theoretical basis for the artificial breeding ofA. fangsiao.
Highlights
As a new research direction, mollusks have received extensive attention recently because of their complex immune responses and molecular mechanisms (Sokolova, 2009; Wang et al, 2019). organism growth is inseparable from immune response, and loss of immunity leads to disease and even death, suggesting that immune response is a core factor of the growth of organisms (Rowley and Powell, 2007; Barcia and Ramos-Martínez, 2011; Wang et al, 2019)
We identified and verified 20 differentially expressed hub genes using quantitative RT-PCR. These results revealed the immunity of A. fangsiao larvae after infection with V. anguillarum, providing a valuable resource for understanding immune response mechanisms in mollusks, and laying a foundation for exploring the immune response mechanisms of other mollusks
480 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated, and 905 DEGs were down-regulated at 4 h after infection; 338 DEGs were up-regulated, and 396 DEGs were down-regulated at 12 h after infection; 1,685 DEGs were upregulated, and 4,424 DEGs were down-regulated at 24 h after infection (Figure 1 and Supplementary Tables 2–4)
Summary
As a new research direction, mollusks have received extensive attention recently because of their complex immune responses and molecular mechanisms (Sokolova, 2009; Wang et al, 2019). organism growth is inseparable from immune response, and loss of immunity leads to disease and even death, suggesting that immune response is a core factor of the growth of organisms (Rowley and Powell, 2007; Barcia and Ramos-Martínez, 2011; Wang et al, 2019). As a new research direction, mollusks have received extensive attention recently because of their complex immune responses and molecular mechanisms (Sokolova, 2009; Wang et al, 2019). The larval is a relatively vulnerable stage in life (Ginger et al, 2013; Kaplan et al, 2013). Growth quality among larvae directly affects the quality of life of the adult, impacting characteristics including vitality and physique. The immune functions of larvae are important to the growth process. It is well known that organisms have a higher ability to resist invasion by external pathogens when the numbers and activity of their immune cells are high. Immune function can effectively protect larvae of organisms, maintaining their normal growth (Wang et al, 2013; Matozzo, 2016)
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