Abstract
In high-speed transceiver design, most of the issues are caused by the lossy channel which has a low-pass filter characteristic. As shown in Fig. 4.1, to compensate for the channel loss, pre-emphasis at the transmitter is performed and equalization at the receiver is performed. Also, the multi-channel interface causes crosstalk and skew effect. These effects should be covered in DRAM interface design. Other issues in transceiver design are impedance matching, low power design, and error reduction. And, as many techniques are applied in the transceiver, training sequence is needed to set the proper operating point of each technique. Several issues and their solutions will be explained in this chapter.
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