Training of students on civil protection and life safety in the system of out-of-school education in 1970–2020

Abstract

The article considers the experience of organizing the training of students on civil protection and rules of conduct in emergencies in out-of-school education and during competitions on life safety in the historical retrospective of 1970–2020. The role of clubs and competitions in the direction of young rescuers as an important component of preparing students for activity in emergencies is updated. In the historical context the main approaches to the organization of competitions are determined. It was established that during 1970–1991 in the system of out-of-school activities, an obligatory event during the children's recreation in the summer camp was the conduct of campaigns and militarypatriotic games with the development of civil defense measures. The program of the game provided for the formation of children’s practical skills to perform actions in the use of weapons of mass destruction, actions on the signals of civil defense, radiation protection measures. Since the 90’s the program of group work and competitions is aimed mainly at practicing protection measures in peacetime, fire protection, skills in the use of personal protective equipment, home care. Chapters of preparation for action in emergencies are included in the curricula of group work in tourism, sports, military and patriotic areas. The list of stages that are most often held during the competition for the direction of a young rescuer has been clarified. These include putting on firefighter’s combat clothing, overcoming the obstacle course, extinguishing a conditional fire, rescuing the victim on the water with special means, wearing a gas mask and protective suit, transporting the victim in the area of man-made accident and the natural environment, providing home care. The author offers a variant of supplementing the program of competitions in the direction of the young rescuer – working off of actions at evacuation of the population.