Toxicity of Insecticides in the Adult and Larva Olive Fruit Fly, after Estimation of the Dislodgeable Foliar and Fruit Residues in Olive Trees by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS

Abstract

“Can systemic insecticides be used in bait spots in order to kill the adult olive fly?” Effort was directed toward providing an answer to that question. Both field and laboratory tests were implemented to detect the dislodgeable residues of dimethoate, phosmet and b-cyfluthrin in olive leaves and fruit using the LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS chromatographic techniques. Residues of dimethoate declined more over time than those of phosmet, while levels of beta-cyfluthrin remained almost stable, both in leaves and fruit. Additionally, significantly higher and faster toxicity of dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin (>92%) compared to phosmet (80%) to fly adults was shown, which was reduced significantly after a two-week period. Conversely, 100% mortality of the larval stages within olive flesh was observed at the 2nd day for dimethoate and at the 7th day for phosmet. Although phosmet was not expected to contribute to preventing larval development, its application in bait sprays presented similar toxicity to that of dimethoate. However, no larval toxicity was recorded in beta-cyfluthrin. As a primary conclusion, we recommend the avoidance of the use of systemic insecticides in bait sprays.