Abstract
The Qinling Mountains, known for high forest cover and multiple ecosystem services (ES), present significant potential for advancing ecological management (EM) paradigms. However, existing studies on matching long-term ES sequences with governance units remain limited. By quantifying the assemblage and clustering patterns of ecosystems in the Qinling Mountains over forty years, this study was innovative in analyzing changes in long-term ecosystem interactions and the impact of spatialization drivers, enhancing the significance of administrative-scale adaptations for sustained conservation and EM strategies. The results showed an increasing trend in the multiple ES Landscape Index (MESLI) since 2000. Spatialized trend analysis showed that the MESLI increased by 58.8% in the east. Moreover, the potential of ES bundles (ESB) in matching ecological management scales was demonstrated. Three ESBs were identified at different administrative levels and townships were more responsive to ESB changes. The composite ESB 1 dominated at 50.2%, and ESB 2 exhibited an upward trend. Additionally, spatial analysis of long-term drivers revealed the underlying causes of local ES degradation. Climate change had region-wide impacts, while natural and anthropogenic factors contributed to localized degradation. These findings emphasize the critical role of spatiotemporal analysis in shaping township-level EM strategies in multi-ES regions, providing feasible guidance for accurately enhancing localized management.
Published Version
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