Abstract
The present study aimed at the evaluation of Passiflora coccinea (Aubl.) antioxidant and photo protective in vitro activities, looking forward to their application as antiaging or sunscreen agents in cosmetic formulations. Methanolic and glycolic leaf extracts were prepared by three methods: ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE, 30 min.), maceration at room temperature (72 h) and maceration at 30 oC (72 h). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured by DPPH and ORAC-FL assays and they were incorporated into a cosmetic emulsion to have their sun protection factor (SPF) measured spectrophotometricaly. The antioxidant activity of the emulsions were measured by DPPH and ORAC as well. C-glycosyl-flavones were identified in the extracts by ESI-MS/MS, in comparision with standards. The UAE methanolic extract and the maceration at 30 °C glycolic extract were submmited to HPLC-DAD analysis and isovitexin was quantifyed in both by a validated method. The methanolic extract antioxidant activity was independent of the extraction method, higher than reported for other species of Passiflora and detectable when incorporated into the emulsion formulation. Maceration at 30o C was the most suitable method for glycolic extraction and its antioxidant activity was lower than the value presented by the methanolic extracts. None of the extracts exhibited a SPF value. Isovitexin in the UAE methanolic extract was 12.67 times higher than the most active glycolic extract, aside of their similar chromatographic profiles. Although a SPF value was not detected, the results indicate that P. coccinea can be a potential new source of antioxidants for topical antiaging formulations.
Highlights
Passiflora is one of the 27 genera inside Passifloraceae family
The glycolic and methanolic leaf extracts of P. coccinea were prepared by three distinct methods of extraction: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), considered as a novel technique, and maceration, which is a classic method, at room temperature and at 30°C, in order to establish if temperature oscilation could influence the performance of the extracts
Regression lines presented good coefficient of determination (r2> 0.90) and the EC50 values were equal at 95% of significance, showing that the extraction method did not influence the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of P. coccinea
Summary
Passiflora is one of the 27 genera inside Passifloraceae family. Some Passiflora species such as P. edulis, P. alata and P. incarnata, are very popular by their fruits and leaves, being used in folk medicine and in different pharmaceutical preparations mainly as sedatives. Passiflora leaves are a source of alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic compounds and, mainly, polyphenols (Zeraik et al, 2010b; Silva, Bottoli, 2015). The basic structure of polyphenols is favorable for UV absorption in the same way organic sunscreens, such as cinammates and salicylates, act on the skin In this sense, Velasco et al (2008) studied the behavior of P. incarnata dry extract in a formulation containing an organic and an inorganic filter, showing that the association was positive in enhancing the spectrum of sun protection and, confirming the potential cosmetic application of the genus (Müller et al, 2005; Dahuan, Dahuan, Sharma, 2004; Velasco et al, 2008). The glycolic and methanolic leaf extracts of P. coccinea were prepared by three distinct methods of extraction: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), considered as a novel technique, and maceration, which is a classic method, at room temperature and at 30°C, in order to establish if temperature oscilation could influence the performance of the extracts
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