Sunscreen Activities of Bark Artocarpus heterophyllus against Ultraviolet Ray (Sun Protection Factor) in Lotion Formula

Abstract

Sunscreen lotion is used to prevent the skin from ultraviolet radiation, which can cause various diseases, such as acne, burning, redness, swelling, wrinkling, and skin cancer. Natural sunscreen lotions contain chemical compounds that have relatively long conjugated double bonds or the presence of hydroxyl groups. The result of the maceration of Artocarpus heterophyllus bark produced ethanol and methanol extracts, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization, both extracts contained straight and cyclic chain compounds which had conjugated double bonds. The number of double-bonded compounds in ethanol extract is more than in methanol extract. Sun protection factor (SPF) value of ethanol extract lotion formula is greater than SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula, the SPF value ethanol extract lotion formula at concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% were consecutive: 29.801 ± 0.224; 32.797 ± 0.161; 33.808 ± 0.165; 34.580 ± 0.295; and 35.015 ± 0.169, (SPF value of negative control: 0.435 ± 0.2839 and positive control, 31 ± 0.0284). SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula for concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% was 14.407 ± 0.010; 26.549 ± 0.476; 30.274 ± 0.208; 32.031 ± 0.302; and 31.942 ± 0.324. Each extract SPF value is higher than the SPF value of the lotion formula. The result of testing the physical properties of the lotion formula shows that the lotion type is o/w, the lotion viscosity ranges from 2450 cP to 4780.0 cP meet Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) standards. The pH test results ranged from 6.020 to 7.845 meets SNI. The spreading power of the lotion ranges from 4.70 to 6.75 cm. The adhesive strength of the lotion ranges from 16 to 41 s.