Abstract
Daemonorops (Indonesian: jernang) resin is one of Indonesia’s leading non-timber forest products and can be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and sun protection. This study aimed to select promising solvents for extracting a Daemonorops acehensis resin and phytosome formulation with high antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. Jernang resin was extracted using a water–ethanol mixture in five different ratios. The promising extract was then mixed with soy lecithin in three different formulations. A promising extract and phytosome were then selected based on their antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was also performed on five extracts to identify the components in the extracts that might be responsible for the biological activity. The results showed that the ethanol solvent variation and phytosome formulation influenced the antioxidant capacity and SPF value. A hundred-percent ethanolic extract and F1 phytosome exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and SPF values. A qualitative analysis revealed the various classes of compounds in the extract and phytosome. A flavylium chromophore, dracorhodin, dominated the resin extract and was presumed to be the marker compound responsible for their antioxidant capabilities and SPF values. These findings are important for manufacturing sunscreens containing active compounds of bioactive natural resins.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are dangerous components in cell metabolism because they cause oxidative stress that can damage cells in uncontrolled amounts [1]
The analysis aimed to examine the influence of solvent and phytosome formulations on the yield, antioxidant capacity, and sun protection factor (SPF) value
The analysis of variance showed that the variation in the solvent type had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on the extract yield, antioxidant capacity, and SPF value
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are dangerous components in cell metabolism because they cause oxidative stress that can damage cells in uncontrolled amounts [1]. ROS has been associated with many degenerative diseases that are related to the skin’s aging process. The skin’s aging process is related to UV radiation, which can increase ROS production so that a process occurs that triggers photoaging [2]. Antioxidants are components that are known to have a function in overcoming ROS [3], and many antioxidant agents come from natural resources. Several natural compounds have been developed as sunscreen agents [4]. There is great potential for exploring various other sources of natural raw materials as sources of antioxidants and sunscreen agents
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