Abstract
During the early time of waterfront development, public only paid little attention to this area, but after a series of urban waterfront revitalization success story, people are starting to reclaim their waterfront. Two main values of economy and environment are always competing over waterfront’s future land-use pattern. Citizen participation in an urban waterfront development is believed to hold a significant importance since the urban development is addressed for citizens’ prosperity. However, strong public participation does not necessarily guarantee for a success waterfront development. This paper attempts to figure out what is the best scenario to make public involvement in the planning process to contribute to a successful and sustainable waterfront development. Four waterfront city development stories that represent different planning cultures were examined here to understand to what extent the participatory process contributed to the environment, economy, and social values. The findings from the case studies were reconstructed to develop a planning model aimed to best accommodate public interest without compromising other values. Citizens were invited for discussions at the initial phase. Next, an evaluation method was proposed to come up with a guideline that would guide the planning process at the latter phase.
Highlights
After years of revitalization efforts, many waterfront cities have successfully remade the image of their waterfront area, and continued to revive it after suffering from neglect for almost a century
One story from each of Spain and China, and two from the U.S are presented here because we found these four waterfront development projects shared different approaches about how to involve their citizens in the planning process
This section attempts to examine the existence of public participants in each case study and to understand to what extent the public contributed to environment, economy, and social values in reshaping the direction of urban waterfront development
Summary
After years of revitalization efforts, many waterfront cities have successfully remade the image of their waterfront area, and continued to revive it after suffering from neglect for almost a century. The competition of waterfront development is very obvious, and when the enormous potential of waterfront development projects for port cities becomes clear in economic, architectural, and (later) political terms, pressures on waterfront sites within cities start to build (Daamen & Vries, 2013). Participatory process in such urban waterfront redevelopment is unique. This study attempted to draw a general framework about where and when to involve public participation in a waterfront development project to have an effective participatory process for a sustainable urban waterfront development
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