Abstract
As fossil fuels are the principal source for the automobile and energy sectors, global warming and a rapid decrease in their availability are seen. Alternative fuels that are sustainable, renewable, and eco-friendly are widely investigated in order to maintain an aesthetic environment and combat fossil fuel depletion. Biofuels have the ability to both reduce pollution and provide energy. This study focuses on the extraction of oil from freshwater microalgae, Closterium sp. algae using the Soxhlet extraction process for biodiesel production. Oils are extracted from dry microalgae biomass and used in biodiesel production using solvent (hexane and acetone) extraction. With the help of solvents and catalysts, the extracted oil undergoes transesterification, which transforms it to biodiesel. Closterium sp. oil extraction using hexane and acetone yielded 7.8 and 5.6 g, respectively, as well as biodiesel was achieved 6.4 and 4.1 g. In the near future, this would be a revolutionary approach to produce cost-effective biodiesel from microalgae. Moreover, in this research article, Closterium sp. biotechnology for biodiesel production developments and prospects are discussed.
Highlights
Sustainable environmental requirements and rising energy demands, as well as the depletion of conventional energy resources and environmental deterioration as a result of abrupt climate change, have prompted scientists to look for renewable sources of green and clean energy for long-term development (Vu et al, 2018; Nguyen et al, 2020; Nong et al, 2020a, b, c)
The microalgal strain used in the present study was isolated
Microalgae biodiesel has received a lot of attention as a clean renewable fuel for diesel engines due to positive properties such as high productivity, rapid growth rate, and ability to convert CO2 to fuel
Summary
Sustainable environmental requirements and rising energy demands, as well as the depletion of conventional energy resources and environmental deterioration as a result of abrupt climate change, have prompted scientists to look for renewable sources of green and clean energy for long-term development (Vu et al, 2018; Nguyen et al, 2020; Nong et al, 2020a, b, c). Microalgal cultivation has sparked much attention in recent years due to its applications in CO2 sequestration, biofuels, food, feed, and bio-molecule production (Bhuyar et al, 2020a). Many of the microalgae investigated are photosynthetic, but only a handful are known to grow in a mixotrophic or heterotrophic environment (Ramaraj et al, 2013). Light (photosynthetic and mixotrophic), carbon, macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and silicates, and many micronutrients (species dependent) are required for efficient microalgal production (Bhuyar et al, 2019). Apart from foods and feeds, another commodities business where algae have attracted a lot of attention is fuel production (Ramaraj et al, 2014a,b). The need to limit fossil fuel use is getting more critical as global energy demand continues to climb. The creation of renewable energy is currently receiving more awareness (Van Tran et al, 2020)
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