TO THE HISTORY OF THE LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS STUDY BY THE SCIENTISTS KYIV SCHOOL OF COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGISTS

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The issue has been considered of studying the apparatus of animal movement by representatives of the Kyiv School of Comparative Morphologists. In the 20s of the 20th century, scientific works of representatives of the Kyiv School of Comparative Morphologists under the leadership of B.O. Dombrovsky began studying the structure of the animal movement apparatus, especially in the comparative aspect. In the course of his scientific activity, B. O. Dombrovskyi introduced a new direction in comparative anatomy to scientific research - the method of establishing and taking into account correlation as a method of synthesizing structures and analyzing processes. V. G. Kasyanenko's scientific research was devoted to the study of the structure and function of the joints of mammals, namely the structure of the horse's hock joint in the light of its biological evolution and domestication. Research on the biomechanics of statolocomotion organs was also new - the distribution of the limit of strength and the modulus of elasticity of parts of the bones of the limbs and the biomechanics of joints (Manziy S.F.). In addition, new methods were introduced in morphological studies, in particular electrophysiological ones, which were carried out by Kyiv morphologists for the first time in the Soviet Union. Along with this, non-structural laboratories were formed at the institute: functional analysis of limb joints and the role of synovium (O.G. Berezkin), zoological biomechanics (K.P. Melnyk, V.I. Klykov), research of limb muscles (V.F. Moroz), morphology of birds (V.F. Sych), morphology of bats (M.F. Kovtun), innervation of joints (M.M. Ilyenko), group for the study of limb vessels (P.M. Mazhuga). In the laboratory of limb muscle research organized by V.F. Moroz., registration of biopotentials from muscles in the state of statics and dynamics was carried out. An important device was a treadmill with track speed control and simultaneously working biopotential recorders. This made it possible for the first time to give a reliable picture of the coordinated functioning of each muscle and muscle group. The direction of scientific research of O.P. Melnyk: Biomorphology of vertebrate locomotion organs in a comparative aspect using a large number of taxonomic groups of animals that occupy different biological niches in nature.