Abstract
Large research institutes such as accelerator-based research centres deal with a large number of complicated components, which should be integrated into and controlled as one homogeneous system. The components of such systems have been frequently developed at different times, in different countries and use different standards and technologies. The control system of components or subsystems may use different computer hardware, operating systems, network protocols, hardware interfaces and field buses. This paper describes the three-fold integrated networking environment (TINE) (http://tine.desy.de) control system, which provides control integration of accelerators at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron—DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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