Abstract
In view of the requirement on time synchronization for a kind of typical wireless sensor networks with long-chain-type topologies, taking into account the three-dimensional network model currently used by the localization algorithms, one feasible time synchronization algorithm is proposed in this article. Under the three-dimensional topology, nodes in the wireless sensor networks are divided into three kinds: the sensing nodes, the relay nodes, and the measured nodes. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of these three kinds of nodes, with the introduction of the pairwise broadcast synchronization and the series multi-hop synchronization protocol, the estimation of the clock offset and the clock skew of all the nodes in the wireless sensor networks are performed by virtue of the joint maximum likelihood and the least-squares method, thus the time synchronization of the wireless sensor networks with long-chain-type topology is solved. Moreover, the sink node evaluates the network periodically and adjusts the synchronizing cycle based on the difference between the network synchronization error and the given synchronization accuracy. The feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are analyzed by simulations from the synchronization accuracy, the number of synchronization message, and the synchronizing cycle points of view.
Highlights
Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are developed to provide fast, cheap, reliable, and scalable hardware solutions for a large number of industrial applications, ranging from surveillance and tracking to exploration, monitoring, and other sensing tasks.[1]
Aimed at the requirement of time synchronization for one long-chain-type WSNs in underground coal mines, taking advantage of the currently used 3D localization model in the tunnels, one feasible time synchronization scheme is proposed in this article and its effectiveness is verified by simulations
The time synchronization is solved with the joint use of sender and receiver synchronization (SRS) and receiver only synchronization (ROS) packet transmission mechanism, the number of synchronization packet gets greatly decreased, which means that the energy efficiency gets improved
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are developed to provide fast, cheap, reliable, and scalable hardware solutions for a large number of industrial applications, ranging from surveillance and tracking to exploration, monitoring, and other sensing tasks.[1].
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