An Efficient Localization Based on Directional Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN’s)

Abstract

In this paper we have introduced an algorithm for localization in wireless sensor network (WSN) with the help of directional antenna. Location of each node in a wireless sensor network play an important role after tracing or event detection on a particular node. Manually configuration of location about each node in wireless sensor environment is not feasible at the time of deployment. Our localization algorithm is based on the directional antenna, every node in sensor network is configured with directional antenna and few sensor nodes have GPS receiver are called anchor node. Anchor node helps to other normal nodes to localize them. Software has been developed for localization using C language which will works in two phases: first one Query the sensor network and collect information about neighbours, distance and angle. Give this information as input to the software and the location of every node will be calculated. And second one is, compile the software for sensor nodes. Install the software in sensor nodes and the sensor nodes will calculate their location. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor networks have become very popular for different application in present life. These are used for monitoring and control like, habitat monitoring, target tracking, disaster management, climate control etc. A wireless sensor node can be built easily using small electronic cheap technology. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) hold a promise to dwarf previous revolutions in the information revolution (1). WSN are envisioned to consist of hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes communicating over a wireless channel, performing distributed sensing and collaborative data processing tasks for a variety of vital military and civilian applications (2). Wireless sensor networks are densely deployed in sensing fields. They have very limited communication range and sensing range. Sensor node has very limited battery power and they are prone to failure. Wireless sensor nodes can be deployed in such a location where human being is impossible to reach physically. So, if a sensor node loses its battery power is becomes useless, hence the topology of wireless sensor networks changes frequently. In the wireless sensor networks localization is very important. If WSN is not able to provide location information about the event then tracking or event detection functions are not particularly useful. Sensor aware of their location can also improve routing efficiency by selective flooding or selective forwarding data only in the direction of the destination.