Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light and non-thermal plasma (NTP) are promising chair-side surface treatment methods to overcome the time-dependent aging of dental implant surfaces. After showing the efficiency of UV light and NTP treatment in restoring the biological activity of titanium and zirconia surfaces in vitro, the objective of this study was to define appropriate processing times for clinical use. Titanium and zirconia disks were treated by UV light and non-thermal oxygen plasma with increasing duration. Non-treated disks were set as controls. Murine osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded onto the treated or non-treated disks. After 2 and 24 h of incubation, the viability of cells on surfaces was assessed using an MTS assay. mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cellular morphology and attachment were observed using confocal microscopy. The viability of MC3T3-E1 was significantly increased in 12 min UV-light treated and 1 min oxygen NTP treated groups. VEGF relative expression reached the highest levels on 12 min UV-light and 1 min NTP treated surfaces of both disks. The highest levels of HGF relative expression were reached on 12 min UV light treated zirconia surfaces. However, cells on 12 and 16 min UV-light and NTP treated surfaces of both materials had a more widely spread cytoskeleton compared to control groups. Twelve min UV-light and one min non-thermal oxygen plasma treatment on titanium and zirconia may be the favored times in terms of increasing the viability, mRNA expression of growth factors and cellular attachment in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Highlights
Dental implants are a proven concept to replace missing teeth [1,2]
We revealed that 12 min non-thermal oxygen plasma and UV-light treatment significantly increased the cellular activity of human gingival fibroblasts and murine fibroblasts on titanium and zirconia surfaces that were stored for 4 weeks [21]
Normalized viability values were higher on zirconia surfaces compared to titanium surfaces
Summary
Dental implants are a proven concept to replace missing teeth [1,2]. In order to achieve successful long-term stable dental implants, osseointegration, which is a functional and structural connection between the surface of the implant and the living bone, has to be established [3,4]. Since the efficiency of osseointegration is closely related to the implants’ surface, many modifications have been published in order to improve the biomaterial surface topography, and chemical modifications [5,6,7]. Surface modifications and treatments that enhance hydrophilicity of dental implants have been proven to promote osteo-differentiation, indicating that hydrophilic surfaces may play an important role in improving osseointegration [8]. UV irradiation and NTP can be used for the decontamination of implants and biological surfaces. It was reported that UV light and NTP may enhance the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts without affecting their osteogenic differentiation potential [16,17]. Supporting the initial adhesion and retention of cells, UV light and NTP can be regarded as a promising technology for dental implant surface modification
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