Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that thermoregulation results from the activity of multiple, independent afferent and efferent thermoeffector loops, responding to core and skin temperature perturbations. Activities of warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) regulate heat loss mechanisms of sweating and vasodilatation. Skin thermoreceptors express transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that activate spinal afferent projections to POAH. Efferent pathways involve spinal intermediolateral cell columns; preganglionic nicotinic cholinergic synapses; sympathetic ganglion cells; and postganglionic muscarinic, cholinergic synapses with sweat glands. Patterns of sweat gland activation, amount of sweat produced, and areas of anhidrosis demonstrated by thermoregulatory sweat testing can provide diagnostic information.
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