Abstract
By means of new definitions of separable system, separable state and energetic process, the first postulate of thermodynamics and the definition of energy are rigorously extended to nonsimple systems. The definition of energy for open systems presented in a previous paper (Zanchini,Nuovo Cimento B,101, 453 (1988)) is simplified. Then, the statement of the second postulate proposed by the MIT school of thermodynamics is stated in a more precise form, which does not present the undefined concept of parameters. As an application of the logical scheme so obtained, the Gibbs equations for systems contained in electric or magnetic fields are deduced rigorously.
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