Abstract
A novel thermal behavior is discovered in hydrogel electrolyte-based flexible supercapacitors (FSCs). During the charge-discharge process, a thermal cycle driven by the motion of water molecules coexists with the known behaviors caused by Ohmic heat, polarization heat, and other factors. The interplay of these effects can be adjusted by the applied current density to manipulate the overall temperature of the FSCs during operation. Through the integration of a fiber-optic sensor into the asymmetric FSC (the carbonized verbena leaves (VC)//VC@NiCo2O4), in-situ temperature monitoring is realized. Furthermore, by exploring its thermal behavior and energy storage characteristics in both simulation and experiment, an efficient thermal regulation method is proposed. As a result, for an FSC of 1 cm × 1 cm, constant-temperature charging is achieved at an ambient temperature of 25 °C and 60 % relative humidity. This work offers critical theoretical insights for supercapacitor design and application, presenting a novel solution for thermal management in consumer electronic devices.
Published Version
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