Abstract
Electric and Hybrid-Electric Aircraft (HEA) incorporate new systems, which demand an integration level higher than classical propulsion architectures systems do. High power electrical motors, converters, batteries or fuel cells, and distributed propulsion, all introduce new kinds of heat sources and dynamics that have to be accounted for and regulated. The latent opportunity to explore synergies among these systems requires the development of new models and their coupling with multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) toolchains. Also, an understanding of the implications into aircraft operations and trade-offs are critical to evaluate and validate gains at the aircraft level. This paper provides a definition of thermal management and functions of thermal management system (TMS) in aircraft, HEA thermal management challenges, main opportunities, conclusions and the way forward. A discussion of road ahead, regarding development of capabilities to support the design of TMS will be brought to the fore along the project, showcasing the open approach of FUTPRINT50 to be driven by open collaboration in order to accelerate the entry into service of this type of aircraft.
Highlights
Thermal management definition Thermal Management can be defined as the ability to manage heat transfer between heat sources and heat sinks to control the temperature of aircraft subsystems/components in order to achieve comfort, safety and efficiency
This may be achieved for instance by means of the circulation of thermal fluids that get in thermal contact with the heat sources and heat sinks
Conclusions and way forward Thermal Management Systems (TMS) are essential to aircraft design since they provide comfort to passengers and crew and adequate temperature conditions for operation and enhancement of the life of electronic components
Summary
Liquid cooling systems can be integrated to other aircraft cooling systems such as cabin and e-bay air cooling, skin heat exchangers and heat pipes / thermosyphons. VCS have higher power consumption but can achieve low temperatures to cool electrical components in an aircraft and provide air conditioning to the passengers and crew. VCS provide a much higher coefficient of performance than Air Cycle Systems This technology allows a broad cooling envelope since the heat is absorbed at temperatures below ambient at the evaporators. Skin Heat Exchangers (SHX) can be used mainly at flight conditions when the external air presents adequate heat transfer properties, such as low temperatures associated with high air speeds [8],[9]. TRL today is low (3,4) for aviation with probability of increasing before 2030
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