Abstract
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermal decomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.
Highlights
Bile salts (BS) are commonly known as bio-surfactants that plays crucial physiological role in human gastro intestinal tract such as fat digestion and absorption of nutrients and serve as a mean for removal of waste products from blood [1,2]
The average particle size (d50) and particle size (d99) of the organic products were computed from particle size distribution graph and the data are presented in Figures 1 and 2
The calculated percentage change in average particle size (d50) was 9.2% and d99 value was 37%. This substantial increase in particle size of the treated BS may be due to biofield treatment which may be caused fracture in the particles the powder may not have specific boundaries that can be led to particles agglomeration and increased particle size
Summary
Bile salts (BS) are commonly known as bio-surfactants that plays crucial physiological role in human gastro intestinal tract such as fat digestion and absorption of nutrients and serve as a mean for removal of waste products from blood [1,2]. Many literature reports provided interesting information about the selfassembly nature of BS in solution suggesting the fascinating properties of BS aggregates as compared to conventional surfactants [4,5,6]. Due to this micellar nature of BS, which enables solubilization and transport of lipid soluble compounds it helps in fat digestion. This same biological function can be exploited for pharmaceutical application since most drugs currently in development have low water solubility [1]. In order to improve these properties BS should be modified in order to confer better physicochemical properties
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