Abstract
Phenolic compounds are commonly used for diverse applications such as in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, rubber, dyes and pigments. The objective of present research was to study the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of phenol derivatives such as o-nitrophenol (ONP), m-nitrophenol (MNP) and p-tertiary butyl phenol (TBP). The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control and treated compounds were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface area analysis. XRD analysis showed increase in crystallite size by 16.05% in treated ONP as compared to control. However, the treated MNP showed decrease in crystallite size by 16.17% as compared to control. The treated TBP showed increase in crystallite size by 5.20% as compared to control. DSC of treated MNP exhibited increase in melting temperature with respect to control, which may be correlated to higher thermal stability of treated sample. However, the treated TBP exhibited no significant change in melting temperature with respect to control. TGA analysis of treated ONP and TBP showed an increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) as compared to control. However, the treated MNP showed slight decrease in Tmax in comparison with control sample. Surface area analysis of treated ONP showed decrease in surface area by 65.5%. However, surface area was increased by 40.7% in treated MNP as compared to control. These results suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect on physical and thermal properties of ONP, MNP and TBP.
Highlights
The nitro phenol compounds are the largest and widely known group of industrial chemicals in use today
X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to study the crystalline nature of ONP, MNP and tertiary butyl phenol (TBP) after biofield treatment
The crystallite size is one of the crystallographic factors associated with the formation of dislocations and point defects in the crystalline structure, Figure 1: XRD diffractogram of o-nitrophenol (ONP)
Summary
The nitro phenol compounds are the largest and widely known group of industrial chemicals in use today. These compounds are organic molecules that contain at least one –NO2 group attached to the aromatic ring [1]. P-tertiary butyl phenol (TBP) is used for synthesis of TBP- formaldehyde resins due their excellent oil solubility, adhesive property and low cost. High solubility, weak ionization capacity, phenol and its derivatives are commonly detected in surface water [6]. Novel methods should be designed to modify the physicochemical properties of phenol based compounds in order to reduce the toxicity related issues. Biofield treatment had been altered the physical, crystalline and thermal properties of various metals powders [7,8,9,10]
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