Abstract
Probiotics are considered as the twenty-first century panpharmacon due to their competent remedial power to cure from gastrointestinal dysbiosis, systematic metabolic diseases, and genetic impairments up to complicated neurodegenerative disorders. They paved the way for an innovative managing of various severe diseases through palatable food products. The probiotics’ role as a “bio-therapy” increased their significance in food and medicine due to many competitive advantages over traditional treatment therapies. Their prophylactic and therapeutic potential has been assessed through hundreds of preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, the food industry employs probiotics as functional and nutraceutical ingredients to enhance the added value of food product in terms of increased health benefits. However, regardless of promising health-boosting effects, the probiotics’ efficacy still needs an in-depth understanding of systematic mechanisms and factors supporting the healthy actions.
Highlights
The probiotic concept was first introduced by the Nobel Prize, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov in 1908 during his study about yogurt-derived health-boosting effects on Bulgarian peasants (Kareb and Aïder, 2019)
A slight modification in probiotics definition is accomplished by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) as “Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” (Hill et al, 2014)
According to a recent meta-analysis, in people treated with probiotics, associated diarrhea (AAD) appeared in 8.0% of the cases, against the 17.7% of the control group
Summary
The probiotic concept was first introduced by the Nobel Prize, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov in 1908 during his study about yogurt-derived health-boosting effects on Bulgarian peasants (Kareb and Aïder, 2019). The word probiotic originates from the Greek word “pro-bios,” which means “for life.”. In 2001, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Health Organization (WHO) provided a collaborative and comprehensive probiotics’ definition as “Live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts; exert a beneficial effect on the host’s health.”. A slight modification in probiotics definition is accomplished by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) as “Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” (Hill et al, 2014). Probiotics may alleviate gastrointestinal dysbiosis, lower serum cholesterol, ameliorate cancer, and prevent allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hajavi et al, 2019)
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