The Visibility and Affecting Factors of Bifid Mandibular Condyles on Panoramic Radiography

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the visibility of Bifid Mandibular Condyle (BMC) and affecting factors on panoramic radiography compared with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: Radiologically depression or notch on superior condylar surface or duplication of condylar head with continuous cortex on CBCT images was considered as BMC. Characteristics of BMC such as location, type, groove type, depth, and horizontal angle on CBCT images were noted. Panoramic radiographs of 63 BMC and 65 normal mandibular condyles confirmed on tomographic images were evaluated by three groups of observers with different experiences.According to the results, the common correct and incorrect estimations were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the observers. Despite there was no statistically significant difference between the characteristics of BMC according to whether the estimations were correct or incorrect. (p>0,050), it was determined that the horizontal angle of the BMC that observers stated correctly was 20.5% less than the cases with bifid condyles that they stated incorrectly. Conclusion: In conclusion, experience of clinicians had no effect on the visibility of BMC. Panoramic radiographs frequently misread bifidity and bifidity was only confirmed by the CBCT. However, it can be estimated that when the angle between the condylar head and the horizontal plane become closer, BMC is more likely to be detected on panoramic radiographs. Further studies are required to determine which factors have effect on visibility of BMC on panoramic images.