The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus resistance genes Ty-1 and Ty-3 are allelic and code for DFDGD-class RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.

Maarten G Verlaan,Ragy M Ibrahem,Richard Kormelink,Jeremy D Edwards,Yuling Bai,Samuel F Hutton,John W Scott,Richard G F Visser,John M Mcdowell

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003399

Abstract

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease incited by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes huge losses in tomato production worldwide and is caused by different related begomovirus species. Breeding for TYLCV resistance has been based on the introgression of multiple resistance genes originating from several wild tomato species. In this study we have fine-mapped the widely used Solanum chilense–derived Ty-1 and Ty-3 genes by screening nearly 12,000 plants for recombination events and generating recombinant inbred lines. Multiple molecular markers were developed and used in combination with disease tests to fine-map the genes to a small genomic region (approximately 70 kb). Using a Tobacco Rattle Virus–Virus Induced Gene Silencing approach, the resistance gene was identified. It is shown that Ty-1 and Ty-3 are allelic and that they code for a RNA–dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) belonging to the RDRγ type, which has an atypical DFDGD motif in the catalytic domain. In contrast to the RDRα type, characterized by a catalytic DLDGD motif, no clear function has yet been described for the RDRγ type, and thus the Ty-1/Ty-3 gene unveils a completely new class of resistance gene. Although speculative, the resistance mechanism of Ty-1/Ty-3 and its specificity towards TYLCV are discussed in light of the function of the related RDRα class in the amplification of the RNAi response in plants and transcriptional silencing of geminiviruses in plants.

Highlights

Plant pathogens are a major limiting factor for agricultural productivity worldwide
Because cultivated tomato is inherently susceptible to these viruses, breeders have incorporated several resistance alleles from wild tomato relatives
Among these are the commercially important alleles, Ty-1 and Ty-3, which were introgressed from the wild tomato relative Solanum chilense

Summary

Introduction

Plant pathogens are a major limiting factor for agricultural productivity worldwide. Viruses are among these and cause large yield losses in a variety of economically important crops. A large number of R genes have been identified, including ones responsible for the (in)direct recognition of viruses, such as Sw-5 for tospoviruses in tomato [2], Rx2 for Potato virus X [3] and the I locus for Bean common mosaic virus [4]. In addition to these dominant R genes, a second type of resistance gene is inherited recessively, which is more common in resistances to viruses compared with resistance to fungi or bacteria [5,6]. Most of these genes are linked to the eukaryotic translation initiation complex and negatively affect the viral RNA replication cycle [7]

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Discussion

Conclusion