Abstract
Due to a diversity of habitats and its geologic history, the US state of California hosts a spectacular assemblage of darkling beetle species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In addition to being part of the California Floristic Province, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots identified by Conservation International, California also has additional areas which are parts of the Great Basin, Mojave, and Sonoran deserts. California is divided into nine floristic regions. Each region is assessed in terms of faunal composition and endemism. A “snapshot” of our present knowledge of the Tenebrionidae indicates that 447 currently recognized species, representing 108 genera, occur in California of which one hundred and ninety are endemic. California is compared to other nearby regions in diversity and endemism. An analysis of currently valid species vs a more realistic species account based on unpublished records of likely synonyms and known species yet to be described in the scientific literature is presented. The California Floristic Region, rather than other more arid parts of California, has the highest number of total and endemic species. Because of their high diversity and endemism, tenebrionids could potentially provide a valuable tool for monitoring the environment for conservation purposes.
Highlights
The state of California is part of the California Floristic Province, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots identified by Conservation International1
To account for the many groups in which data has been accumulated but no recent revision has been published, the Tenebrionidae records from California were categorized in the following status groups based on their current and future status: 0), Known new but undescribed species; 1), Currently projected valid species and subspecies5; 2) Most likely synonyms, but synonymy not determined without further study; and 3), Known but unpublished synonyms
The South Coast, including the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges and Channel Islands; Region 6, The Sierra Nevada Mountains; Region 7, The Central Valley; Region 8, The Central Coast, including the San Francisco Bay area and Coast Ranges; and Region 9, The Northern Coast, including the Cascade and Klamath Ranges as well as the Northern Coast Ranges. In these regions we examined species occurrence and regional endemism
Summary
The state of California is part of the California Floristic Province, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots identified by Conservation International1. To account for active research and our growing understanding of the California fauna, the list includes a separate column assessing the potential that each species will be synonymized in future works (see below). Both the current valid species list and a list excluding likely synonymous species, but including known undescribed species, are analyzed based on each species’ known occurrence in each of California’s nine floristic provinces to assess number of tenebrionid species in each province and their endemicity.
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