Abstract
[Purpose]Resistance exercise training (RET) and an additional intake of dietary protein supplements may improve muscle mass and muscular function, and reduce inflammatory markers. The types, amount, and timing of dietary protein supplements are important for the synergistic effects of resistance training and dietary protein supplements. We hypothesized that a 25.1 g protein complex supplement taken for 12 weeks, immediately before and after resistance exercise, would enhance fat free mass and isokinetic muscular function in young untrained males. [Methods]Eighteen participants were randomly assigned to a placebo (n=8) or protein complex supplement groups (n=10). The RET was a supervised progressive program, 3 times per week for 12-weeks, and was performed progressing 80% of their one repetition maximum (1-RM). Body composition, blood pressure, plasma inflammatory markers, lipid level and isokinetic muscular function were assessed before and after the study period. [Results]There was a significant interaction effect in C-reactive protein (CRP) (p =0.044) among blood vessel inflammatory markers. The protein complex supplement group had shown more effective improvement at 12 weeks intervention compared to the placebo group in isokinetic muscular function. There was a significant interaction effect in peak torque at 60 degrees/sec leg extension (p =0.044), total work at 240 degrees/sec leg extension (p =0.025), and total work at 240 degrees/sec leg flexion (p =0.011). [Conclusion]Protein complex supplementation during RET appears more effective than RET alone in improving isokinetic muscular function for 12 weeks in untrained young men.
Highlights
Resistance exercise training (RET) has been generally considered a reliable strategy for improving muscle mass 1 and muscular function such as strength 2 and endurance 3
There was a significant effect within the timeframe in respect of FFM (p =0.003, η2=0.275), resistance training appears to be effective in increasing FFM (Table 3)
Resistance training appears to be effective in improving systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) (Table 4)
Summary
Resistance exercise training (RET) has been generally considered a reliable strategy for improving muscle mass 1 and muscular function such as strength 2 and endurance 3. RET combined with an additional intake of dietary protein supplements may be important to improve muscle mass and muscular function, and reduce inflammatory markers. Resistance exercise (60 % to 80 % of a one-repetition maximum (1-RM), 3 times per week) and a protein blend (soy protein isolate, whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate; total 22 g), or a whey protein supplementation had no additional effect on 1-RM strength, isometric and isokinetic peak torque for flexion and extension, and whole-body lean body mass, over a 12 week period of RET in young men 9. Antonio et al reported that protein supplementation (average 18.3 g of essential amino acids [EAAs]) with a combined aerobic and resistance training program (20 min of aerobic exercise and 70% of 1-RM; 3 times per week) had no additional effects on measures of muscle mass and strength in untrained individuals. Willoughby et al demonstrated that protein supplementation (14 g whey protein concentrate, 6 g whey protein isolate, 4 g milk protein isolate, 4 g calcium caseinate and g of free amino acids; total 40 g) before and after resistance exercise
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