The Spatial Structure Characteristic and Road Traffic Accessibility Evaluation of A-Level Tourist Attractions within Wuhan Urban Agglomeration in China

We use crawler technology to obtain the order-volume data of express logistics transactions in 223*223 cities and 19*19 urban agglomerations, with 51,752,001 items. Using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure, this study investigates the spatial structures of express logistics networks and the factors driving networks between 19 urban agglomerations in China. The results revealed that networks are connected through weak ties, and urban agglomerations in East and Central China (e.g. the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei) comprise the network centre, performing resource control and serving as intermediaries in the network. We found that urban agglomerations prefer to produce express logistics links with urban agglomerations with similar geographical locations, high road network accessibility, high logistics network coverage, good integration development, high degree of complementary industrial functions, large differences in economic development, small policy differences and close informatization levels. This study also provides recommendations for policymakers.

The selection of tourist attractions has many general and specific reasons in determining it. The attractions offered are one of the solutions for determining the selection of tourist attractions. Karo is one of the regencies in Indonesia that has many natural tourist attractions. The primary issue with natural tourist attractions is the lack of a clear signal and an unkept environment. Some tourists visit tourist attractions based on ratings and reviews given by previous tourists, descriptions and high/low values ​​influence their decision to come. Marketing content is a form of campaign to attract tourists to tourist attractions, but is everything displayed in the content in accordance with the reality at the tourist attraction? Do tourists get satisfaction after visiting the tourist attraction? This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of content's ability to create tourist satisfaction, assisted by smart tourism and a technology-based environment, as well as technological readiness, on tourists visiting tourist attractions in Karo Regency, based on their exposure to digital marketing content. This study uses crosstabulation data descriptions and analysis models Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the study showed that there was an influence Perceived Smart Tourism and Perceived Smart Environment has a positive and significant effect on Online Satisfaction Tourism through Affective Content. The profile of tourist respondents who visited this study was dominated by the age of 21-30 years who were students/university students, motorcyclists, social media users who traveled with friends with incomes <Rp. 500,000 who provided 10% of their income for traveling. They were those who stayed at tourist attractions for 1-2 days in nature tourism and stated that the cleanliness and public facilities of tourist attractions were still very minimal.

China has entered the stage where urban agglomerations underpin and spearhead the county’s urbanization. Urban agglomerations in China have become economic growth poles, and the constantly improving transport networks in these agglomerations bring about opportunities for redistributing labor forces and promoting regional economic development, trade, and social progress for all. This is the foundation and fuel for urban development. However, lack of knowledge of the spatial features of, and the interrelationship between, regional urbanization and traffic accessibility constrains effective urban planning and decision-making. To fill this gap, this study attempted to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of urbanization levels and traffic accessibility in 1995, 2005, and 2015 in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations (MRYRUA), China. The spatial interaction, spatial dependence effect, and spatial spillover effect between urbanization and traffic accessibility were tested by employing the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and spatial regression models. The results showed that the urbanization level and traffic accessibility in the MRYRUA shot up over time and manifested similar spatial distribution characteristics. The global bivariate spatial autocorrelation coefficients were positive and significant during the period studied, and the main relationship types were the high urbanization and high traffic accessibility types and low urbanization and low traffic accessibility types. The spatial regression results showed that there was a significant positive association between urbanization and traffic accessibility, but with a significant scale effect. Urbanization is not only affected by the traffic accessibility of the individual grid unit but also by those in the adjacent or further grid units. The findings in this study provide important implications for urbanization development and transportation planning. The spatial dependence effect and spatial spillover effect between urbanization and traffic accessibility should be considered in future urban planning and transportation planning. The rational allocation of resources and inter-regional joint management can be an effective path toward regional sustainability.


 
 
 Alas Kedaton tourist is a natural tourist attraction. The tourist attraction offered such as forests, monkeys and bats in this natural attraction. In the middle of the Alas Kedaton forest there is a Dalem Kahyangan Kedaton temple that is unique. The choice of this location as a place of research is to find out how the management and role of the local community of Kukuh Village in developing Alas Kedaton as a tourist attraction.
 The research methodology used is this study is a descriptive qualitative research, with observation, interview, literature study and documentation techniques. Data sources are obtained from primary data and secondary data. The theory or concept used is the concept of role, local society, tourist attraction and management.
 The result of this research is that management in Alas Kelaton tourist attraction involves local communities actively. The involvement and role of the local community of Desa Kukuh is empowered to become a member of the management body, counter staff, janitors, local guides, security officers, Alas Kedaton Trader Group (KPAK) and as well as forming tourism awareness organisations such as tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis).
 Keywords: The Role of Local Communities,Management, Tourist Attractions
 
 

Resilient urban expansion: Identifying critical conflict patches by integrating flood risk and land use predictions: A case study of Min Delta Urban Agglomerations in China

ABSTRAK Sumatera Barat sebagai tujuan destinasi wisata di Indonesia ikut menyumbangkan banyak potensi daya tarik wisata alam yang bisa dinikmati oleh wisatawan. Salah satunya di Kabupaten Agam khususnya di Nagari Sungai Batang. Namun, potensi daya tarik wisata alam belum dimaksimalkan secara baik oleh masyarakat sebagai income generator pariwisata di Nagari Sungai Batang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan secara deskriptif apa saja objek wisata yang merupakan potensi daya tarik wisata alam yang terdapat di Nagari Sungai Batang Kabupaten Agam, sehingga mampu dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai income generator pariwisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara untuk mencari informasi-informasi terkait objek wisata yang menjadi temuan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini berfokus kepada objek daya tarik wisata alam di Nagari Sungai Batang yang terdiri dari 1) Aia Bajurai (Jorong Labuah), 2) Ulu Ranggeh View (Jorong Labuah), 3) Tapian Kualo (Jorong Kubu), 4) Puncak Tampuniak (Jorong Tanjung Sani), 5) Kawasan Wetland Danau Maninjau (Jorong Tanjung Sani), dan 6) Air Terjun Sarasah Hulu Aia (Jorong Data Kampung Dadok). Dengan dipetakannya objek-objek wisata alam ini, diharapkan kedepan masyarakat mampu memaksimalkan potensi daya tarik wisata alam yang ada sehingga bisa dikunjungi wisatawan dan dikelola oleh masyarakat sehingga menjadi income generator pariwisata di Nagari Sungai Batang. Keyword : Potensi, Daya Tarik Wisata, Alam, Nagari Sungai Batang ABSTRACT West Sumatra as a tourist destination in Indonesia contributes many potential natural tourist attractions that can be enjoyed by tourists. One of them is in Agam Regency, especially in Nagari Sungai Batang. However, the potential of natural tourist attractions has not been maximized properly by the community as a tourism income generator in Nagari Sungai Batang. This research aims to descriptively map what tourist objects are potential natural tourist attractions in Nagari Sungai Batang, Agam Regency, so that they can be utilized optimally as tourism income generators. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques carried out by means of observation and interviews to search for information related to the tourist attractions that are the findings in this research. The results of this research focus on natural tourist attractions in Nagari Sungai Batang which consist of 1) Aia Bajurai (Jorong Labuah), 2) Ulu Ranggeh View (Jorong Labuah), 3) Tapian Kualo (Jorong Kubu), 4) Puncak Tampuniak (Jorong Tanjung Sani), 5) Lake Maninjau Wetland Area (Jorong Tanjung Sani), and 6) Sarasah Hulu Aia Waterfall (Jorong Data Kampung Dadok). By mapping these natural tourist objects, it is hoped that in the future the community will be able to maximize the potential of existing natural tourist attractions so that they can be visited by tourists and managed by the community so that they become tourism income generators in Nagari Sungai Batang. Kata kunci: Potential, Tourist Attraction, Nature, Nagari Sungai Batang

Yeh Aya Hulu Dam has the potential to be developed into a natural tourist attraction in Senganan Village. The potential is inadequate, the village that still does not pay attention to this potential causes the Yeh Aya Hulu Dam to be not managed properly and the overall potential
 has not been explored. This study aims to determine the management of Yeh Aya Hulu's potential as a community-based natural tourism attraction. This research uses qualitative descriptive analysis methods, using Tourism Attraction theory 6A, Tourism Management theory and Tourism Impact theory. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The data obtained is then analyzed using three data analysis models, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method, using the theory of Tourist Attraction 6A, Tourism Management, and Tourism Impact. Data collection techniques were collected through observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using three data analysis models: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
 The results showed that the potential of Bendungan Yeh Aya Hulu as a natural tourist attraction with the 6A theory is that attractions consist of natural, artificial, and cultural tourist attractions with good access and are easy to reach by tourists. Facilities include a parking area for two-wheeled vehicles while for four-wheeled vehicles, parking on the side of the road, toilets and changing rooms that still need to be put up to standard, and stalls. Tourists can enjoy views of the rice fields, swim, play tube tubing, and buy food. Additional services that still need to be available and tour packages will be planned in the future. The management of Bendungan Yeh Aya Hulu as a natural tourist attraction holds the concept of CBT (Community-Based Tourism) which applies the functions of tourism management, including planning, organizing, actuating, monitoring, and motivation. The impact of managing Bendungan Yeh Aya Hulu as a natural tourist attraction on the community is divided into environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impacts.

This research employs multi-source data including big data, remote sensing raster data, and statistical vector data. Through the superposition of tourism activity points of interest with remotely sensed inversion raster data like human carbon emissions, net primary productivity, and kilometer-grid GDP, the carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and economic output of tourism attractions are obtained. Data envelopment analysis and econometric models are utilized to assess the “carbon emissions–carbon sinks–economic output” coupling efficiency relationship and driving mechanism under the framework of the tourism carbon neutrality process. This research takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau region, which has had a severe response to global climate change and is particularly deficient in statistical and monitoring data, as an example. It is found that in Gannan Prefecture, which is at the primary stage of tourism development, with a high degree of dependence on the location and regional economic development level, the challenge of decoupling carbon emissions from the economy is significant. The carbon neutrality process in natural tourism attractions is marginally superior to that in cultural tourism attractions. However, even among natural tourism attractions, the number of spots achieving high carbon sink efficiency is extremely limited. There remains considerable scope for achieving carbon neutrality process through carbon sinks in the future. The location and vegetation conditions can exert a direct and positive influence on the improvement of carbon efficiency in tourist destinations. Establishing natural tourism attractions near cities is more conducive to facilitating carbon neutrality. This research highlights the advantages of remote sensing methods in specific sectors such as tourism where quality monitoring facilities and methods are lacking and provides a reference for evaluating the tourism carbon neutrality process and managing environmental sustainability on tourism attractions in similar regions and specific sectors worldwide.

This research was motivated by several problematic facts found in tourist attractions and tourist facilities at Despan Beach, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency. Tourist attractions at Despan Beach are not yet varied. Facilities at Despan Beach are also inadequate, such as public toilet facilities, parking lots, rubbish bins, road access is not representative. Lack of supporting facilities such as photo spots in the Despan Beach area, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency. The general research purpose is to analyze tourist attractions and tourist facilities at Despan Beach, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency based on indicators of natural attraction, built attraction, cultural attraction and accessibility, accommodation, amenities, attractions, activities, information & tourist guides, security and health, cleanliness, supporting facilities and a comfortable environment. This research type included in descriptive through qualitative data. The technique for informant selection used was purposive sampling. The research informants were the Mandailing Natal Regency Tourism Office, the Despan Beach Management, the people who sell around Despan Beach and Despan Beach Visitors. The techniques for data collection are observation, documentation and interviews. The techniques for data analysis used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the research results, researchers found several analyzes of tourist attractions at Despan Beach, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency, namely: 1). Natural Attraction at the front beach in the shape of natural scenery in the shape of a beach 2). Built Attraction is not yet available at Despan Beach 3).Cultural Attraction is not yet available at Despan Beach. Researchers also found several analyzes of tourist facilities at Despan Beach, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency 1). Accessibility at the front beach is currently at an adequate level as shown from the access road to the beach 2). Accommodation at Despan Beach is easily accessible to visitors where there is a mess/lodging only 100 meters from Beach 3). The amenities available in this beach area are quite good and adequate, namely in the form of a café which is area right on the edge of the beach 4). The attractions at Despan Beach are not yet varied, visitors can only see natural tourist attractions in the form of beautiful beach views 5) Activities that can be done at Despan Beach are currently very limited, namely only trying various types of food around the beach 6). Information & tour guides at Despan Beach are not yet available 7). Security and health at Despan Beach are very good and well maintained 8). Cleanliness at Despan Beach has not been maintained properly, there is still a lot of rubbish scattered along the beach 9). The special supporting facilities at Despan Beach are in good condition where there is an ATM which is around 700 m from the beach. 10) The comfortable environment at Despan Beach is quite well established, seen from the existing accessibility provisions and there are lodging places close by.

The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourist attractions in China are analyzed by GIS and SPSS. The spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of urban landscape tourism resources in China are deeply explored in order to provide a reference for the construction of a national park system and for the optimal allocation of tourism resources in the future. The results show the following: (1) the spatial pattern of tourism resources in China is strong in the southeast and weak in the northwest. It shows the spatial structure of a global concentrated contiguous distribution, A-level zonal distribution, and national point distribution. The distribution pattern of concentrated contiguous areas is consistent with the spatial distribution of major urban agglomerations in China. (2) There is a serious imbalance in the allocation of A-level tourist attractions in Central, Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast China. The allocation of A-level tourist attractions in East China is in an absolute dominant position, whereas that in South China and North China is at a medium level. National tourism resources show obvious characteristics of being strong in the east and weak in the west. We mainly take the provincial capital city as the core point of agglomeration, showing the obvious “administrative district” distribution characteristics. (3) The level of urban management, the scale of urban construction, the development of the real estate industry, the employment population of tertiary industry, and the level of urban economic development are all factors that have a significant correlation with the spatial distribution of urban tourism resources.

This study will examine the role of local governments in improving education about tourism potential in Sarolangun Regency. This study aims to find out how the government's role in improving education about tourism for the Sarolangun community and how the government's role in managing and increasing tourism potential as well as what factors are supporting and inhibiting tourism development in Sarolangun Regency. By using qualitative descriptive research methods, the results of this study answered that the management of natural tourism objects in Sarolangun Regency by the government (Disparpora) by playing an active role as a facilitator by providing and building facilities and infrastructure, community empowerment, as a regulator, is still upheld regarding customary prohibition rules. and culture. Supporting factors in the management of Sarolangun Regency's natural attractions are the support of the local community and beautiful and pristine natural panoramas that can attract tourists to visit Sarolangun Regency's natural attractions. This study offers recommendations for the need for improvement and improvement of the quality of tourism facilities and infrastructure, such as repairing roads to tourist attractions, providing adequate transportation to tourism objects. It is necessary to add a tourism information center for the sake of convenience for tourists visiting Sarolangun Regency, It is hoped that the government will cooperate with the private sector which is the investor for the development and development of regional tourism objects so that tourism in Sarolangun Regency can succeed optimally, It is expected that the natural environment around the tourist attraction The nature of Sarolangun Regency can be maintained so that this natural tourist attraction can still provide comfort for visitors.

Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with a slack-based measurement (SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China (UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern (decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.

In recent decades, efficiency and intensification have emerged as hot topics within urban industrial land use (UILU) studies in China. However, the measurement and analysis of UILU efficiency and intensification are not accurate and in-depth enough. The study of UILU efficiency loss and intensification potential and their relationship is still lacking, and the application of parametric methods with clearer causal mechanisms is insufficient. This paper argued that the intensification potential of UILU could be defined as the amount of saved land or output growth resulting from reduced efficiency loss of UILU. Accordingly, we constructed quantitative models for measuring and evaluating the intensification potential of UILU, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method to calculate efficiency loss in three major urban agglomerations (38 cities) in China. Our results revealed a large scale and an expanding trend in the efficiency loss and intensification potential of UILU in three major urban agglomerations in China. From 2003 to 2016, the annual efficiency loss of UILU was 31.56%, the annual land-saving potential was 979.98 km2, and the annual output growth potential was 8775.23 billion Yuan (referring to the constant price for 2003). It is, therefore, imperative to formulate and implement better policies and measures to promote further intensification and to reduce inefficiency, especially in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas and prioritizing a few key cities, such as Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Shanghai.

On the background of climate change, studying tourism eco-efficiency of cities is of great significance to promote the green development of tourism. Based on the panel data of the three major urban agglomerations in China’s Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region from 2008 to 2017, this paper constructed an evaluation index system and measured the tourism eco-efficiency of 63 cities by using a hybrid distance model called Super-EBM (epsilon-based measure). We compared the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency in the three urban agglomerations. Furthermore, the internal factors influencing tourism eco-efficiency were explored through input–output redundancy, and the external factors were analyzed by a panel regression model. The results indicate that the tourism eco-efficiency of the three urban agglomerations in China generally shows a decreasing-rising-declining trend. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta has the highest eco-efficiency, followed by the Pearl River Delta, and the lowest in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Moreover, there is a certain gap within each urban agglomeration. The redundancy input of labor and capital is the main internal cause of low eco-efficiency. Among the external factors, the status of the tourism industry and the level of urbanization have a positive effect on eco-efficiency, while the level of tourism development, technological innovation and investment have a negative impact on it. In the future, we must attach great importance to the development quality and overall benefit value of the tourism industry so as to achieve green and balanced development of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward targeted policy implications to improve the tourism eco-efficiency of cities.

The spatial structure of urban agglomeration reveals the self-organization process of internal factors from the outside. As China ushers into a critical stage with the boosting of urbanization and the booming of the economy, measuring the spatial structure of urban agglomerations is vital to urban planning, regional development, etc. Nighttime stable light data from the National Polar–Orbiting Partnership-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) night-time light (NTL) series dataset offers a novel source that potentially simulates spatial variations in socio-economic activities. The present study aimed to scientifically guide wide applications of the NPP-VIIRS data to define and measure the evolution of urban agglomeration from a spatial–temporal perspective. Yangtze River Middle Reaches (YRMR) Urban Agglomeration (UA) in Central China was taken as the case study region to systematically identify and measure its spatial configuration of urban growth. The light index model and the method of the rank clock were performed to quantify the dynamics of rank-order distributions. In the meantime, spatial statistics and location coefficient index were used to identify the nature and heterogeneity of spatial structure. According to our findings, NPP-VIIRS data can offer insights into the applications to analyze urbanization processes and reveal the dynamics of urban expansion. The proposed framework will help understand the nature and unbalance of spatial configurations of urban economic growth within urban agglomeration and lay a theoretical basis for the policy-making of regional spatial planning.