THE ROLE OF PROTEIN AND LIPID METABOLISM IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF THE ORGANISM

Abstract

Objective - to analyze the mechanisms of participation and the relationship of lipid andprotein metabolism in the energy supply of the organism under physiological conditionsand in pathology by examples of consideration of long adaptive reactions, especially inchronic stress. Relationships of lipid and protein metabolism to be considered from thepoint of view of the functional-metabolic continuum.One of the functional blocks of homeostasis is the functional-metabolic continuum (FMC),which is to provide the body's functions (cells) with an adequate amount of energy-plasticsubstrates. In the implementation of FMC and its main component - energy, which is notonly a priority, but also the fastest, especially with short-term adaptation involved alltypes of metabolism - carbohydrate, lipid and protein. In modern humans, especially incivilized countries, despite the presence of large lipid depots, nevertheless, especially instress, there is a significant role of protein metabolism in maintaining the necessaryglycemia, which becomes even more important in the absence of lipid depots. Suchparticipation of protein metabolism in the provision of energetic FMC further affects thestate of plastic support of the body, which must be taken into account, especially whenforming long adaptation reactions, especially in combination with the phenomena ofchronic stress.Conclusions. 1. All types of metabolism - carbohydrate, lipid and less protein - are involvedin the support of FMC energy metabolism in urgent adaptation reactions. 2. Lipidmetabolism plays a major role in supporting FMC energy metabolism during prolongedadaptation reactions. 3. In the absence of fat depots in the provision of FMC, the role ofprotein metabolism increases, especially in chronic stress. This is mainly due to theincrease in the effects of catecholamines, glucagon and cortisol, which leads to increasedlipolysis, degradation of the protein with the mobilization of amino acids (primarily fromskeletal muscle), and activation of gluconeogenesis in the liver. 4. Reactions of energyexchange due mainly to the use of lipids were formed in the early stages of phylogenesis. 5.Regulation of the energy supply of FMC is ensured by mainly hormonal mechanismsprimarily due to catecholamines and glucagon, due to the direct activation ofglycogenolysis and glycolysis through the adenylate cyclase system in the liver, musclesand heart.