Abstract
As is well-known, the river stream-flow as the main source of water resources, is formed and changed under the influence of climate conditions and physiographic characteristics of watershed basins. Snow storage, liquid precipitation in the period of snow-melt flood, degree of moisture of the area, etc. are the main hydro-climatic factors determining the amount of the annual river flow. On the territory under consideration, in this case the region of the North of the Russian Plain is selected as which, flow fluctuations are well-defined as a result of changes in space and time of the main forming it factors and, mainly, the meteorological factor. In this regard, the main objective of the work is to find the connection between rainfall and river flow, as well as to identify patterns of spatial and temporal changes of river flow and precipitation. During the study, the authors identified the dependencies between precipitation and the layer of the run-off in hydrological seasons. In particular, the closest connection was established between precipitation and the flow of summer-autumn period, where the correlation coefficient (r) for posts of Soyana - Soyana, Mudyug - Patrakeevskaya is r = 0,7 – 0,8, reaching r = 0,9 (Codina - Codino). Comparison of precipitation of the winter-spring period and the spring run-off did not reveal very close connection, except the site location of Sysola - Pervomajskij (the basin of the Northern Dvina), where r = 0,86. It is determined that during a year there are two maxima and two minima in the distribution of precipitation, while in the overland runoff they do not fully coincide with precipitation in time. Synchronous increase of share of precipitation and runoff was observed from May to July and in October, except August (precipitation) and April (run-off), where these periods did not coincide. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n24p256
Highlights
As is well-known, the river run-off exposed to natural and anthropogenic space-time variability, is its most important characteristic (Berezovskay et al,. 2004)
The river run-off, which is the result of interaction of the climatic factor and physical-geographic conditions of the river basin, is the main source of water resources (Muraschenkova, 2007)
Occurring in the last decade climate change, which is mostly manifested in the change of the regime of atmospheric precipitation and other meteorological parameters, greatly influence the change of the hydrological regime of water bodies (Moritz et al,. 2002)
Summary
As is well-known, the river run-off exposed to natural and anthropogenic space-time variability, is its most important characteristic (Berezovskay et al,. 2004). Amount and nature of precipitation, the temperature and humidity deficit are the most important meteorological factors in terms of their influence on run-off, i.e., the river run-off is an indicator of climate, and rhythms revealed in its long-term fluctuations reflect variations of climatic characteristics (Musaelyan, 2002). Specific character of the hydrological "structure" of the region under consideration – the northern part of the Russian Plain – is determined by the influence of meteorological predictors, as well as by conditions of formation of runoff flow within lowland areas. Earlier studies showed that in the last 60 years the average annual run-off flow of rivers of the Arctic basin has increased by 7%, there is an increase of the winter component of these rivers Other authors believe that annual fluctuations of the Arctic stream-flow are the stationary process, but they say about change of amplitude of long-term stream-flow fluctuations (Smith et al ,. 2007)
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