The Role of epistasis in controlling seed yield and other agronomic traits in an Andean × Mesoamerican cross of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

Epistasis is a pervasive phenomenon in biology. Nevertheless, attempts at identifying epistatic interactions with quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we attempt to determine the genetic control of outbreeding depression and the possible role of epistasis following a wide cross in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A recombinant inbred population, derived from a cross between Andean and Mesoamerican common bean cultivars, was evaluated in two markedly contrasting environments. A low-density linkage map based on AFLPs was used to locate QTLs for the number of days to maturity, average daily biomass and seed yield accumulation, and harvest index. Both independently acting and digenic epistatic QTLs of similar magnitude were identified. A majority of the loci involved in these epistatic interactions did not have an independent effect. Although we did find evidence for strong epistatic control of the traits investigated, we also found, in contrast to other recent studies, that there was no evidence for a bias toward coadapted gene complexes at the level of digenic epistasis. We discuss these results in relation to the role of epistasis in the evolutionary history of the species and methodological difficulties in detecting epistasis.