Abstract
Introduction. Statistical analysis of fires at storage, refining and transportation facilities for oil and petroleum products over the past 20 years shows that out of 200 fires, 92% of them occur in land tanks. In a fire, liquid combustion in the tank is a diffusion combustion of a jet of steam in the air. In the process of burning the liquid in the tank changes the mechanical properties of its metal wall, which affects its fire resistance duration. In the event of a fire in the tank, the drywall may be destroyed. Destruction of dry tank wall can lead to oil spills and cascading fire. Therefore, the main problem is to determine the fire duration before the destruction of the dry wall of the tank, i.e. its fire resistance.Purpose. Develop a method for determining the fire resistance of the dry wall of the storage tank of oil and petroleum products.Methods. To develop a method for determining the fire resistance of storage tank dry wall of oil and petroleum prod-ucts, it is necessary to solve the following problems:1) to determine the temperature effect on sheet material of tank dry wall on its strength;2) to obtain the dependence for determining the duration of time before the occurrence of ultimate destructive stresses of the sheet material of tank dry wall;3) to obtain the dependence for determining the time of fire resistance of tank dry wall of oil and petroleum products in the event of a fire.To solve the first problem, the temperature influence of the sheet steel used to make the tank wall on the yield strength σT was established.To solve the second problem, a dependence was obtained to determine the length of time before the occurrence of critical temperatures at which the destruction of the sheet material of tank dry wall is possible.To solve the third problem, a block diagram of the algorithm for determining the fire resistance of tank dry wall in case of fire was developed, on the basis of which a package of applications was developed.Conclusions and specific suggestions:1. The influence of the temperature of the sheet material of tank dry wall on its strength is established. The research results showed that the temperature of the tank drywall material in the range of 690-710 ºC is critical and it can lead to its destruction.2. The results of the research allowed to obtain the dependence for determining the duration of time to critical temper-atures occurrence at which the destruction of the sheet material of tank dry wall. The results of calculations for the tank RVS-5000 showed that its fire resistance varies within τv = 13…15 minutes. Of course, this value of fire resistance for tank dry wall is very small in terms of the fire extinguishing process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement certain measures to increase the fire resistance of tank dry wall.3. To determine the time of fire resistance of tank dry wall storage of oil and petroleum products in the event of a fire was obtained dependence, which allows to determine the temperature T in ºC from the duration of burning the tank τ per minute, the height of the dry wall h0 in m upper edge. The research results allowed to develop a block diagram of the algorithm for solving this problem, as well as a package of applications based on it, which are written in the C # programming language.
Highlights
Statistical analysis of fires at storage, refining and transportation facilities for oil and petroleum products over the past 20 years shows that out of 200 fires, 92% of them occur in land tanks
In the process of burning the liquid in the tank changes the mechanical properties of its metal wall, which affects its fire resistance duration
Destruction of dry tank wall can lead to oil spills and cascading fire
Summary
Тому основною проблемою є визначення тривалості часу при пожежі до початку руйнування сухої стінки резервуара, тобто її вогнестійкості. Для розв’язання другої задачі була отримана залежність для визначення тривалості часу до виникнення критичних температур, за яких можливе руйнування листового матеріалу сухої стінки резервуара. Для розв’язання третьої задачі була розроблена блок-схема алгоритму визначення вогнестійкості сухої стінки резервуара при пожежі, на підставі якої був розроблений пакет прикладних програм. 2. Результати досліджень дали змогу отримати залежність для визначення тривалості часу до виникнення критичних температур, за яких відбувається руйнування листового матеріалу сухої стінки резервуара. 3. Для визначення часу вогнестійкості сухої стінки резервуара зберігання нафти і нафтопродуктів при виникненні пожежі була отримана залежність, яка дає змогу визначати температуру Т в oС від тривалості горіння резервуара τ в хв, висоти сухої стінки резервуара h0 в м і глибини ∆h0 в м від верхнього краю. Vasiliev 1Lviv State University of Life Safety, 2Main Directorate of the State Emergency Service in Lviv
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