Abstract
Storage of crude oil and petroleum products inevitably leads to evaporative losses. Those losses are important for the industrial plants mass balances, as well as for the environmental protection. In this paper, estimation of evaporative losses was performed using software program TANKS 409d which was developed by the Agency for Environmental Protection of the United States - US EPA. Emissions were estimated for the following types of storage tanks: fixed conical roof tank, fixed dome roof tank, external floating roof tank, internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank. Obtained results show quantities of evaporated losses per tone of stored liquid. Crude oil fixed roof storage tank losses are cca 0.5 kg per tone of crude oil. For floating roof, crude oil losses are 0.001 kg/t. Fuel oil (diesel fuel and heating oil) have the smallest evaporation losses, which are in order of magnitude 10-3 kg/tone. Liquids with higher Reid Vapour Pressure have very high evaporative losses for tanks with fixed roof, up to 2.07 kg/tone. In case of external floating roof tank, losses are 0.32 kg/tone. The smallest losses are for internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank: 0.072 and 0.044, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the liquid with low volatility of low BTEX amount can be stored in tanks with fixed roof. In this case, the prevailing economic aspect, because the total amount of evaporative loss does not significantly affect the environment. On the other hand, storage of volatile derivatives with high levels of BTEX is not justified from the economic point of view or from the standpoint of the environment protection.
Highlights
Postoje i gubici usled „disanja“ koji nastaju kao posledica promene temperature i atmosferskog pritiska, međutim ovi gubici su mali za rezervoare sa plivajućim krovom [15]
Storage of volatile derivatives with high levels of BTEX is not justified from the economic point of view or from the standpoint of the environment protection
Summary
Skladištenje nafte i naftnih derivata ima za posledicu isparavanje skladištenih tečnosti iz rezervoara. Procena evaporativnih gubitaka teorijskim metodom zasniva se na primeni jednačina dobijenih iz teorijske analize [10], eksperimentalni metod koristi rezultate dobijene direktno iz laboratorije [11], dok se procenom kombinovanim metodom upoređuju rezultati dobijeni. Rezervoari za skladištenje nafte i naftnih derivata mogu da budu vertikalni ili horizontalni. Ocenjuje se da su u rafinerijama značajno zastupljeniji vertikalni rezervoari, pa su u radu proračuni evaporativnih gubitaka izvršeni samo za vertikalne rezervoare. Evropska komisija kao najbolje dostupnu tehnologiju za skladištenje tečnosti preporučuje da se tečnosti sa vrednošću Reidovog napona pare (u daljem tekstu RVP) između 14 i 91 kPa skladište u rezervoarima sa unutrašnjim plivajućim krovom [14]. Skladištene tečnosti razlikuju se po vrednosti napona pare – RVP, kao što je prikazano u tabeli 1.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
