The renewable energy sources impact on vernacular architecture’s ability to be built sustainably: case study of Rumah Gadang

Abstract

Rumah Gadang has the physical appearance of traditional architecture and was founded on human interaction with the environment. The natural resources of each area in Indonesia are said to have the greatest environmental effect on traditional vernacular architecture. Rumah Gadang is prominent for its ability to successfully combine elements of sustainability with a variety of other factors, including the environment, aesthetics, and social character. However, only a few studies discuss sustainability elements combination within Architecture Nusantara, Rumah Gadang. Therefore, this study will aim to reveal how these elements affect the sustainability of Rumah Gadang and how they contribute to the development of regional architectural styles. The qualitative method was used in this study with literature studies followed by descriptive analysis. The result of the study indicates two things, 1) The nature of these elements’ characteristics in Rumah Gadang fit with social, and environmental sustainability standards. 2) The descriptive analysis reveals that the impact of the variations in natural energy sources on these elements’ characteristics in Rumah Gadang is reflected in its physical appearance. The findings shown that Rumah Gadang’s architectural elements, including the Gonjong roof, wall linings, raised floor, openings, and stone foundation, respond to renewable energy sources based on sun, wind, and humidity factors. Rumah Gadang fulfills three pillars of sustainability: Social sustainability is achieved through traditional values and Minangkabau culture, while economic sustainability is achieved through regionally produced materials and construction methods. Lastly, the primary goal is to offer thermal comfort with minimal waste, making environmental sustainability the most crucial outcome component.