The quality of milk of goats of Saanen, Alpine and Nubian breeds

Abstract

Dairy goat breeding is becoming more widespread, both in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation, as goat milk is recognized as an easily digestible dietary product with high nutritional and biological value. The most common goat breeds in Russia which are suitable for the industrial milk production are Saanen, Alpine, and Nubian breeds. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the department of processing technologies and storage of animal origin produce FSBEI HE RGAU - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev and in the laboratory of technological control VNIMI. The highest milk yield for 305 days of lactation was found in goats of the Saanen breed, which significantly exceeded the milk yield of alpine goats. The mass fraction of fat in the milk of goats of the Nubian breed was the highest, in the milk of goats of the Alpine breed and significantly exceeded this indicator in the milk of goats of the Saanen breed. The highest protein content in milk was found in goats of the Alpine breed than in goats of the Saanen and Nubian breeds. At the same time, when evaluating goat milk, it is necessary to take into account its differences from the established parameters for cow milk: a higher content of somatic cells; low freezing point; inconsistency in the alcohol sample to the thermal stability groups of the cow.