Abstract
Abstract. The milk composition and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in fresh and refrigerated raw goat milk of Saanen and Alpine breed at the breeding period were investigated. Low average milk fat, SNF and lactose content were determined in both breeds with no significant differences between breeds regarding the milk yield and milk composition. The significantly higher somatic cell count (SCC) was detected in Saanen goats. The SOD activity and TBARS concentration were significantly higher 14 h after the collection and cold storage in both breeds of dairy goats with no difference between the breeds. In the Alpine goats the TBARS concentration was negatively correlated with urea concentration, and in the milk of the Saanen goats the TBARS was positively correlated with proteins and SCC. The higher SCC in the Saanen goats may have caused higher production of secondary oxidative products catalysed by the enzyme superoxide dismutase from polymorphonuclear granulocytes present in the udder, or by some other enzymes that participate in oxidation of the milk constituents. The energy shortage and protein surplus in the diet of the dairy goats may have induced the higher degree of lipid mobilisation and a consequent increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are easily prone to oxidation and formation of the secondary oxidative products.
Highlights
The health benefit of goat milk to human health has been proclaimed from the ancient times and has been extensively discussed but not scientifically improved in the matter under notice (HAENLEIN 2004))
The milk constituents are greatly influenced by the breed, physiological stage (PETERS and LAES-FETBACK 1995, STRZALKOWSKA et al 2004, GORECKI et al 2004), stage of lactation (WOJTOWSKI et al 2001, FAHR et al 2001, STRZALKOWSKA et al 2001), parity (STRZALKOWSKA et al 2004), climate conditions (KIJORA et al 2002) and nutrition (LEIBETSEDER 1996, KIJORA et al 2002, FAHR et al 2001, WALISIEVICZ-NIEBALSKA et al 2004) of dairy goats
The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in raw milk may favour oxidative changes and oxidative reactions which may reduce the nutritive quality of milk and milk products (KONDYLI et al 2005)
Summary
The health benefit of goat milk to human health has been proclaimed from the ancient times and has been extensively discussed but not scientifically improved in the matter under notice (HAENLEIN 2004)). The production and market expansion of goat’s milk around the European Union shows the availability of goat’s milk production in accordance with all regulatory standards (EUROPEAN COMMISION 1995, STRZALKOWSKA et al 2006). It is questionable whether refrigerated raw goat’s milk could retain high quality standards prior to processing in dairy industry. Some indigenous enzymes are considered important for the oxidative stability of milk, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) which inhibits the lipid oxidation (KORYCKA-DAHL and RICHARDSON 1979, LAMBERTSEN and CHRISTIANSEN 1997)
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