Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides prepared from marine algae are potential ingredients in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. In the present study, the antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, and photoprotective effects of sulfated polysaccharides obtained from Ecklonia maxima (EMC) were investigated to evaluate their potential in cosmetic. EMC was successfully prepared through Celluclast-assisted extraction and ethanol precipitation, and it contained 79.88% of sulfated polysaccharides that with 69.37% carbohydrates and 10.51% sulfate. EMC effectively suppressed 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in vitro in Vero cells and in vivo in zebrafish. Furthermore, EMC significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase and reduced melanin synthesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells. In addition, EMC remarkably attenuated photodamage induced by UVB irradiation in vitro in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and in vivo in zebrafish. Furthermore, EMC effectively inhibited wrinkle-related enzymes and improved collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF cells). These results indicate that EMC possesses strong antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, and photoprotective activities, and suggest that EMC may be an ideal ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
Highlights
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays various physiological functions
We prepared polysaccharides from E. maxima through Celluclast-assisted extraction and ethanol precipitation and evaluated the antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, and UV protective effects of the polysaccharides to explore their potential in cosmetics
These results demonstrate that EMC has an anti-melanogenesis cosmetic effect and may be a potential ingredient to prepare cosmetics for skin whitening in the cosmetic industry
Summary
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays various physiological functions. The skin is directly exposed to the environment. It is continually damaged by environmental factors such as chemicals, fine dust particles, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation [1]. These environmental factors cause various effects on the skin including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, melanin accumulation, and collagen degradation, leading to skin aging [2,3,4,5]. The appearance of the skin directly contributes to personal beauty [6]. A skincare product which could remarkably suppress skin aging may have a great market demand. The discovery of an ingredient from natural resources to be used in cosmeceutical industries has attracted researcher’s attention
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